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【原文&译文】
Experts: Let Produce Dry Out to Avoid Bacteria
专家解读：浇地或降雨24小时后再收获农产品以防止细菌
American researchers say farmers should wait one day after a rain storm or watering their fields to harvest fresh fruits and vegetables. They say gathering the crops at least 24 hours after rainfall increases food safety. They say it also may be enough to protect those eating from fresh produce from food borne illnesses.
美国一项研究认为，农民应该等到下雨或者浇水一天后，再来收地里的水果蔬菜。他们说雨后24小时收作物能提高食物的安全性，也能充分的保护食用这些新鲜的农产品的人不染上食源性疾病。
Listeria is a food borne bacteria. It grows best in wet conditions. Poisoning with Listeria monocytogenes can cause muscle pain. The person can also feel sick to the stomach and even experience diarrhea – the uncontrolled expulsion of wastes from the body.
李斯特菌是一种食源性病菌，在潮湿环境生长最旺盛。染上李斯特菌会引起肌肉疼痛，中毒者还会感觉胃部不适甚至发生腹泻。
Listeria can be a serious health threat for pregnant women and older adults. It can also threaten people with weak immune systems, like those with HIV, the virus responsible for the disease AIDS.
李斯特菌对孕妇和老年人来说是一种非常严重的健康威胁，它也会威胁免疫系统薄弱的人群，就像艾滋病毒携带人群。
The bacterium is everywhere in the environment, but usually grows in water. So, crops that are harvested shortly after they have been watered are likely to contain unsafe levels of disease-causing Listeria.
细菌在生态系统中无处不在，但是通常生活在在水中。所以，作物在浇水之后立刻被收割，很可能携带不安全水平致病的李斯特菌。
Martin Wiedmann teaches food safety at Cornell University in New York State. He and other researchers are urging farmers to wait 24 hours after a rainfall or watering fields before they harvest crops. By waiting, he says, a field has enough time to dry out.
马丁韦德曼在纽约州康奈尔大学教授食品安全学科。他跟其他调研者强烈建议农民，等作物受到降雨或浇水24小时之后，再进行收割。他说，通过等待，田地有足够时间变干燥。
"You're more likely to find Listeria for a very short time. After one day, it drops back more or less to the baseline normal level that we find (in the environment). So, we found this effect in water, but it's very short-lived. Within a day, you are back to normal."
“在很短的时间更容易发现李斯特菌。一天之后病菌数量多多少少将会下降到我们能够发现的病菌的基本标准。所以我们在水中发现这种效应，但它很短暂。在一天之内就能恢复正常。
The findings were reported in the journal Applied and Environmental Microbiology.
这个研究发现被刊登在《应用与环境微生物》杂志上。
In crops like spinach, Listeria levels were 25 times greater when harvested immediately after the plants were watered.
像菠菜这种作物，刚浇完水立刻就收割，它的李斯特菌水平要高于平常25倍。
Martin Wiedmann says the bacterium can also be found in sandwich meat, especially when the meat is not kept to minus-four or minus-five degrees Celsius. He says there are a number of other settings where unsafe levels of Listeria can hide.
马丁韦德曼说，三明治的肉上面也有细菌，尤其是当肉没有被保存在零下4度和零下5度的温度下。他说还有一些情况会隐藏不安全水平的李斯特菌。
"And so it's important to have the tools in place to control this organism everywhere from primary production, to food processing plants to retail, to helping consumers make smart decisions on what foods to eat and how to cook food."
所以让各种工具到位，控制这种从初级产品到食品加工厂到零售环节随处可见的微生物，从而帮助消费者就吃什么和如何烹饪食物做出明智选择，这点非常重要。
Martin Wiedmann notes that Listeria poisoning is less common in developing countries. In such areas, he adds, foods generally are not left in iceboxes or refrigeration equipment, another source of bacterial overgrowth.
马丁韦德曼提到李斯特菌中毒在发展中国家并不常见。在这些地区，食品不会用冰箱或冷冻设备存储，这是细菌过度增长的另一个来源。
【实战应用】
01 词汇解析
borne illnesses n. 食源性疾病
Listeria n. 李斯特菌， (学名:Listeria monocytogenes)，又名单核球增多性李斯特菌、李氏菌，是一种兼性厌氧细菌，为李斯特菌症的病原体。它主要以食物为传染媒介，是最致命的食源性病原体之一。
Diarrhea n. 腹泻
irrigation n. 灌溉
immune system n. 免疫系统
bacterium n. 细菌
food processing plants n. 食品加工厂
02 句型解析
读完整篇文章，同学们是不是觉得有些句子不好理解？接下来我就为大家解析一下比较难的几个：
1. It also may be enough to protect those eating from fresh produce from food borne illnesses.
【译文】它也能充分的保护食用这些新鲜的农产品的人不染上食源性疾病。
【解析】将句子稍微简化了一下：
it be enough to protect sb. from sth.
those(食客) eating from fresh produce（“吃新鲜农产品”动名词短语做those的定语）
protect sb. from sth是保护某人免受（伤害）
2. He says there are a number of other settings where unsafe levels of Listeria can hide.
【译文】他说还有一些情况会隐藏不安全水平的李斯特菌。
【解析】此句为典型的宾语从句套定语从句。
There be句型是省略that宾语从句，Setting作为定语从句的先行词，where引导的定语从句。他说还有一些情况，这些情况能隐藏不安全水平的李斯特菌，把这个句子简炼一下，就是上面的译文了。
03 写作词句
小编从文中找出一些适合放在写作中的词句，希望对大家有所帮助。
1. Say常见的意思是“说”，也有其他词义，如：the research says that，研究表明
2. There are a number of …很多的意思，较there are many…而言，是更能体现写作水平的
3. …notes that 指出
4. Minus 数字零下，或者负数
5. make smart decision 做出明智的选择/决定
6. be common in… 常见于……
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