青铜器是中国古代艺术品中的皇冠，而青铜镜则是这顶皇冠上最璀璨的明珠。青铜镜自出现以来，已被使用了近4000年，综观中国古代铜镜发展的历史，从四千年前我国出现铜镜以后，各个历史时期的铜镜存在盛衰变迁。早期有齐家文化与商周铜镜，春秋战国铜镜开始流行，汉代铜镜达到鼎盛，三国、晋、魏、南北朝铜镜中衰，隋唐铜镜再度繁荣。
西汉四乳神兽纹铜镜赏析
铜镜是古人整束衣冠、修饰仪容的生活用具，起始于商周，汉代盛行，唐宋流行，明清衰落。迄今已有三千年的历史了。铜镜尤其注重纹饰展示，所以也是古代室内一种很重要的陈列品。特别是在汉代，铜镜纹饰内容非常丰富，最主要的纹饰有四神、禽兽、五灵、几何、花卉、吉祥图语，等等，而内涵最神秘的莫过于乳钉纹铜镜了。因铜镜上有乳钉纹故名为乳钉纹镜。此件四乳神兽纹铜镜，便是典型的西汉时期乳钉纹铜镜。这种铜镜，圆钮，钮座外为一圆格，圆格四方排列四乳钉。
乳钉纹内涵丰富，象征着宇宙图式：镜钮代表茫茫宇宙的中心，钮座外的圆格表示大地；圆格外的乳钉表示支撑天盖的柱子；圆形的镜子代表天。整个构图，取天圆地方之意。天地吉祥，因而有驱魔折服的功能。西汉乳钉纹铜镜，寓意吉祥，趋吉避害；体形硕大，气派非凡。为大富大贵、典雅豪华之物。非一般人家所能拥有。拥有它，便能给全家带来好运，带来安康和幸福。
正面一眼看去非常舒服，整个开门的黑漆古包浆，光滑如肌肤，给人忍不住想去摸一下它的光滑度。就是有了这些包浆的保护青铜镜进入了极微小的氧化过程，几乎不再氧化，这使得几千年的铜镜得以保存，像这类铜镜极好收藏，应为它几乎不再氧化。
梅花寓意，高洁孤傲：梅花顶着寒风独自开放，且开花时没有绿叶衬托，独自绽放，展现独特的美，所以得此寓意。坚韧不拔：梅花即便在恶劣的环境下依然可正常生长，代表的是坚韧不拔的精神。友谊长久：梅花还代表着友谊，适合送给朋友。吉祥幸福：梅花的花瓣都是5瓣，象征着五福，所有还寓意着吉祥幸福。”此镜评级装盒，可放心收藏。
黑漆古
古铜长期存放在大气中锈蚀机理分析紫铜、青铜、黄铜在大气中都很稳定，一般小于0.00015毫米/年，在铜表面会生成一层极稳定的保护薄膜，主要是碱式硫酸铜呈橄榄绿色，还会产生氧化铜（CuO）中黑色，硫化亚铜黑色，及氧化亚锡（SnO)棕黑色。年代越久则锈层加厚颜色也变深，俗称为“黑漆古”，若长期在手中把玩则会使表面光亮如镜俗称“传世古”。但在这类古铜中也产生电化学腐蚀，故是“哑声‘。若古铜长期在干燥的环境中（大气中或土中）也会产生氧化铜和氧化亚金星呈深黑色，俗称“黑漆古”
在出土的中国古代铜镜中，有一种表面漆黑发亮、具有光滑晶莹的玉质感，这种铜镜被称为“黑漆古”铜镜。这种铜镜因具有极佳的耐腐蚀性能，而备受学界关注。 历年来学者对“黑漆古”成因的研究，集中有两种观点：一为人工处理说；一为自然腐蚀说。现今学者们的争论焦点在于“黑漆古”铜镜表面的高锡耐蚀层是人工镀锡而成，还是在自然条件下由腐殖酸作用产生的。本文是在查阅了许多相关研究资料的基础上，提出新的看法，认为是铜镜经过刻意的特殊抛磨处理后，在漫长的地下埋藏中缓慢形成的，此镜表现开门，品相完美，纹饰清晰，极具收藏价值。
英文翻译：Bronze ware is the crown of ancient Chinese art, and bronze mirror is the brightest pearl in this crown. Bronze mirrors have been in use for nearly 4000 years since their appearance. A general survey of the development history of bronze mirrors in ancient China shows that since the appearance of bronze mirrors in China 4000 years ago, the bronze mirrors in various historical periods have fluctuated. Bronze mirrors in the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period became popular. Bronze mirrors in the Han Dynasty reached their peak. Bronze mirrors in The Three Kingdoms, Jin, Wei and Northern and Southern Dynasties declined, and bronze mirrors in the Sui and Tang dynasties flourished again.
Appreciation of the bronze mirror with beast pattern of the Western Han Dynasty
Bronze mirror is a whole bunch of clothes, decorated appearance of the ancient People's Daily utensils, began in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, popular in the Han Dynasty, tang and Song, decline in the Ming and Qing dynasties. It has a history of three thousand years. Bronze mirrors pay particular attention to decorative display, so it is also a very important ancient indoor display. Especially in the Han Dynasty, the bronze mirror decoration content is very rich, the most important decoration includes four gods, animals, five spirits, geometry, flowers, auspicious words, etc., and the most mysterious connotation is the milk nail bronze mirror. Because there are nail patterns on the bronze mirror, it is called nail patterns mirror. This bronze mirror with four breasts is a typical western Han Dynasty bronze mirror with milk nails. This kind of bronze mirror has a round knob. Outside the knob base is a round lattice, which is arranged with four milk nails.
The milk nail grain is rich in connotation, symbolizing the universe schema: the mirror knob represents the center of the vast universe, the round lattice outside the knob represents the earth; The round nipple nail represents the pillar supporting the sky cover; The round mirror represents the sky. The whole composition, take the meaning of round heaven and place. Heaven and earth auspicious, thus exorcism surrender function. The western Han nail-shaped bronze mirror symbolizes good luck and avoids harm. He was very large and handsome. For the big rich big expensive, elegant and luxurious things. More than ordinary people can have. Possession of it brings good luck, health and happiness to the whole family.
The front is very comfortable at a glance. The black lacquer of the door is as smooth as skin, which makes people want to feel its smoothness. And it's because of the coating that the bronze mirrors go through a very small oxidation process, almost no oxidation, and that allows for the preservation of bronze mirrors that are thousands of years old, and bronze mirrors like this are great collectors because they almost never oxidize.
Plum blossom meaning, lofty and clean and lonely: plum blossom against the cold wind alone open, and flowering without green foil, bloom alone, show unique beauty, so get this meaning. Perseverance: plum blossom can grow normally even in the harsh environment, representing the spirit of perseverance. Long friendship: plum blossom also represents friendship, suitable for friends. Auspicious happiness: The petals of the plum blossom are all five petals, symbolizing the five blessings, all of which also symbolize auspicious happiness." This mirror rating box, can rest assured collection.
Black lacquer
Bronze long-term in atmospheric corrosion mechanism analysis of copper, bronze, brass in the atmosphere is very stable, generally less than 0.00015 mm/year, in the copper surface generates a very stable layer of protective film, mainly alkaline type copper sulfate in olive green, also can produce copper oxide (CuO) in black, cuprous sulphur black, and stannous oxide (SnO), dark brown. As time goes by, the rust layer thickens and the color becomes darker, commonly known as "black lacquer ancient". If it is played in the hand for a long time, it will make the surface bright as a mirror, commonly known as "handed down ancient". But in this kind of copper also produce electrochemical corrosion, so it is "dumb sound". If copper in a dry environment for a long time (in the atmosphere or in the soil) will also produce copper oxide and Venus oxide is dark black, commonly known as "black lacquer ancient"
Among the unearthed ancient Chinese bronze mirrors, there is a dark and shiny surface with a smooth and crystal jade quality. This kind of bronze mirror is called "black lacquer ancient" bronze mirror. Because of its excellent corrosion resistance, this kind of bronze mirror has attracted academic attention. Over the years, scholars have studied the cause of "black lacquer ancient", focusing on two viewpoints: one is the theory of artificial treatment; One is the theory of natural corrosion. The focus of debate among scholars is whether the high tin corrosion resistant layer on the surface of "Black Lacquer Ancient" bronze mirror is artificially tinned or produced by the action of humic acid under natural conditions. On the basis of consulting a lot of relevant research data, this paper puts forward a new view that the bronze mirror was formed slowly in the long underground burial after deliberately special polishing treatment. This mirror shows open door, perfect appearance, clear decoration, and is of great collection value.
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