1． 试题简介
根据中学英语“教学大纲”和语言教学与考试理论的要求，该部分应该考查考生对真实的口头语言材料的理解情况，因此，语言材料一般均来源于实际生活且一般是围绕一个有关日常生活的话题展开，同时会有一些相关细节的支持。材料可以是一篇独白，也可以是一段对话，对话一般仅在两个人之间进行，且两个人一般为不同的性别。如果是同性，则往往是年龄相差较大，语音明显不同。独白可以是天气预报、课堂中授课的部分内容，也可以是讲述自己或别人的一段往事。谈话可以发生在宾馆、饭店、商店、办公室、影剧院、家庭、车站等不同的地点，也可 以是在飞机、火车、轮船等各种交通工具上。可能是在电话中，也可能是面对面。
听力部分分为两节，第一节为较短的对话，谈论的内容较为简单，每段对话仅播放一遍。第二节为较长的对话或独白，每段材料均播放两遍。为保证英语科考试的信度，同时根据听力考试的特点，该部分的考查采用了给出3个选项的多项选择题的形式。
2．题型分类与解题技巧
1谈论话题型
题型特点：此类题型的选项基本都属于名字结构，主要考查对于对话内容的整体把握，要求考生能够领会谈话人所谈论的话题或谈论对象。
问题类型：What are the two speakers talking about?／What are they talking about?／What are they arguing about?
解题技巧：在这种对话中，the second speaker在回答the first speaker的问题会加以发挥，引出与主题相关但又联系松散的信息，听者有可能被误导，无意中忽视下主题内容。因此一般情况下，对话讨论的主题是the first speaker谈到的内容。做此类题时，一定要有清晰的思路，不能只抓住只言片语，而要学会从整体出发，进行归纳总结。
例1：W：Do you want a day course or an evening course?
M：Well，it would have to be an evening course since I work during the day.
Q：What are the two speakers talking about?
A. The choice of courses.
B. A day course.
C. An evening course.
解析：此题要求考生对谈话做出综合概括，而不仅仅抓住某一事实。对话中提到a day course和an evening course，关于选择哪一个，双方进行了问答。所以他们谈论的不是course本身，而是the choice of courses。
例2: What are the speakers talking about?
A. A way to improve air quality.
B. A problem with traffic miles.
C. A suggestion for city planning.
听力原文：M: Air pollution is so bad in this city. I think the government should stop people from driving cars on certain days.
W: You have a point. Air pollution is a problem, but not letting people drive on certain days is a bad idea. People have to go to work by car.
M: I’m afraid I don’t agree with you there. Reducing air pollution is really important. People are so used to driving that they don’t think about ways to do things. If we stop them from driving on certain days, maybe they could think of new ways to get around.
W: I see your point, but I still think it wouldn’t be possible to stop people from driving.
解析: 该段对话是围绕一个中心 “I think the government should stop people from driving cars on certain days.”展开的。
对这种类型题, 抓住短文的前两句话往往特别重要, 因为前两句话往往是主题句, 即使不是主题句, 也对理解全文有重要的意义。例如: Last Friday，a storm tore through two villages in Fujian Province，14 people were killed. 这句话是一篇新闻的开头，很明显是主题句，介绍了新闻的中心内容，下面则应是对风暴情况的具体叙述。
再强调：
这类试题要求我们对听到的内容有一个整体的把握和全面的领会, 抓住说话者究竟在说什么。任何一段对话或独白都是围绕一个中心展开的,有时主旨大意较明显, 有时则需要归纳、概括。为了把握所听内容的主旨要义, 要从说话人的语气上体会主旨大意,抓住关键词, 对语段进行整体理解。而不应纠缠在某些小细节上, 这样往往会造成以偏概全。
②对话场景题
题型特点：此类题的书面选项大都是表示地点或方向的介词短语，主要考查考生的分析推理能力，即根据对话所提供的信息，推断出对话所发生的地点和场景。
常见对话场景：学校(教室)，医院(诊所)、机场、车站、餐馆、商店、图书馆、书店、邮局、警察局等。
问题类型：Where does the conversation most probably take place?／Where are the two speakers?／Where was the crime most probably take place? ／Where does the man／woman work?
解题技巧：a. 仔细辨认对话中的语境相关词。
b. 抓住对话中表示空间关系的介词或介词短语，它们多与地点和方向有关。
c. 要注意对话中采取的声东击西的方法和出现顺序干扰的现象。
例1：M：You said no room? But you just gave one to a young lady．
W：The young lady made a reservation last week.
Q：Where does the conversation most probably take place?
A. At an airport．
B. At a college．
C. At a hotel．
解析：对话中男士想要个房间，女士声称已没有房间，却为另外一位女士做了安排。男土感觉受到了不公平的对待，因而提出质疑。原来女士上周已提前预定。本题的关键在于抓住room 和make a reservation就不难得出正确答案。make a reservation可表示预定房间、机票和酒席等。做这类题主要在于对关键词的捕捉和对话整体内容的理解。
例2: Where does the conversation most probably take place?
A. In a restaurant. B. In an office. C. At home.
听力原文：
W: OK, time to go home.
M: I can’t, because I haven’t finished the report about the newly opened restaurant.
W: Well, if you carry on working like that, you’ll make yourself ill.
解析: 根据对话中 “ time to go home. … I can’t, because I haven’t finished the report”就可以推断出是在办公室。
地点题选项一般由表示地点的名词或介词加这类名词组成。有些地点是对话中直接提到的, 有些是需要根据对话的内容来判断的, 还有的两者兼而有之。地点类常考的地点一般为机场、实验室、学校、商店、车站、图书馆、餐馆、医院、邮局等。
关键词:
Bank: account, cash, check, savings.
School: campus, dorm, grades, lecture, paper, exam, grades, playground, teacher.
Restaurant: menu, soup, drink, order, bill.
Airport/Station : train, time table, take off, passenger, flight.
Post office: parcel, package, stamp, postage, letter, airmail.
Hospital: cold, fever, pain, cough, trouble, temperature.
3人物关系及身份题
题型特点：此类题的选项一般为表示职业或身份的名词或由两个名词构成的表示人物关系的并列词组。对话中不会直接提到某人的职业或关系，只会用一些相关词作暗示。主要考查考生能否根据对话内容、语气及说话者的态度判断说话人之间的关系或说话人的职业身份。
常考人物关系：师生、朋友、夫妻、父女、母子、同事、老板与职员、医生与病人、司机与乘客、学生与老师等。
问题类型：What's the probable relationship between the two speakers?／Who is the man(woman)most probably speaking to?／What is the man(woman)?／What is the man's (woman's)job／occupation／profession?
解题技巧：a.熟悉常见的职业相关词，抓住了这些与说话人职业相关的词，也就等于抓住了关键词。
b. 通过关键词并结合对话语气判断两人的身份和关系。
例1：W：Mr. Smith，I'd like to talk to you about my composition．When will it be convenient?
M：What about 4 o'clock tomorrow afternoon?
Q：What is the man?
A. Student． B. Librarian. C. Teacher.
解析：根据对话中与身份密切相关的关键词Mr.和composition以及对话的话气可判断出男士为她的老师。
例2：W：How long will it take you to fix my watch?
M：I'll call you when it's ready．But it shouldn't take longer than a week.
Q：What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Librarian and student．
B. Operator and caller.
C. Customer and repairman.
解析：女士在询问中明确提到了fix my watch．男士回答说在一周之内就可修好，到时给她打电话。由此可知，此处应为修表匠，所以只有，repairman与fix相呼应，而其他项中的人物关系均不包括修理物品这一服务。而女士则为customer。解答本类题时，考生应注意说话人的语气特征、关键词以及对整体内容的把握，而不能仅根据只言片语做出判断。
例3: Who is the woman most probably speaking to?
A. a railway porter B. a taxi driver C. a postal clerk
听力原文: W: Excuse me, sir. I’m going to send this parcel to London. What’s the postage for it?
M: Let me see. It’s one pound and fifty pence.
解析: 根据parcel (邮包) 和 postage(邮资) 等关键词可以判断, 这位女士是在跟一名邮局职员讲话。答案是C。
关键词
Teacher/Student: class, exam, homework, part-time/full time job.
Salesman : price, on sale, try on.
Reporter: news, report.
Doctor /nurse: medicine, operation
④时间数字题
题型特点：此类对话中出现的数字有可能是价格、日期、时间、数量、年龄、门牌号等。主要考查从读音辨认时间、数字的能力以及听清多个数据之间的
关系并进行计算的能力。
问题类型：What time is it now?/When will the train leave?/What's the
price of...?/How long...?/How often...?/How much does...cost?/How many...?
解题技巧：解题的关键是听清并记录对话中的数字。具体步骤是在听到
数据后立即将它记下或在选项中找到，并在选项旁边记录相关信息；然后根据提问选择适当的计算方法以得出正确答案。
例1：M：What's the time for departure?
W：5:30. That only leaves us 15 minutes to go through the customs
to find and check our baggage．
Q：At what time did the conversation take place?
A. 5:00. B. 5:15. C. 5:30.
解析：本题需要考生弄清四个关键时间．5:30(飞机起飞时间)以及leaves us 15minutes(距起飞的剩余时间)，表示早、提前意义的题目一般用减法，即5:30—0:15=5:15, 因此目前对话的时间应为5:15。
例2：W：Here's a ten-dollar bill．Give me two tickets for tonight's show, please.
M：Sure．Two tickets and here is ＄1.40 change．
Q：How much does one ticket cost?
A. ＄1.40． B.＄4.30 C.＄ 8.40
解析：此题为混合运算题。从对话可知，女士用10美元买两张演出票，结果得到l.40美元的找零，(10-1.40)÷2＝4.30（美元）。由此题可以看出，含有数量概念的题，对话中提到的数量一般不可能为正确答案，总要进行—些简单的加减运算。
例3:How fast can the woman type?
A. 15 words a minute B. 45 words a minute C. 80 words a minute
听力原文：M: Can you type?
W: Yes, about eighty words a minute. I have been working as a typist for fifteen years.
M: That’s right. I can’t type more than forty-five.
解析：男士问女士是否会打字，女士说会，每分钟大约能打80个词。做打字员有15年时间。男士回说每分钟打字不到45个。所以答案为C项。
例4: When will the plane probably take off? (2007湖南卷)
A. At 3:30p.m. B. At 3:40p.m. C. At 3:50p.m.
听力原文：M: I’m trying to get on Flight FA 3036. Am I on time?
W: Not exactly. It’s 3:20 now. But luckily for you, that flight’s been delayed.
M: I never thought I'd be happier about a delay, but hey that's great news.
W: Okay, just may I check your luggage and your tickets please.
M: Here you are. Which gate do I leave from?
W: Gate 38 but I'm sorry to tell you that it's been changed to gate 5 and your plane is taking off in 20 minutes.
M: Whoops, I've got to run with my two kids.
解析：现在时间为3: 20,女士说飞机将在20分钟之内起飞in 20 minutes.听到in表示加,起飞时间应为3: 40,因此答案为B。
数字类问题包括辨别类和计算类两种:
(1) 要注意区分-teen和-ty 及four和 five 的读音;要能够辨别多位数,如电话号码,门牌号等。
(2) 计算时间、价格、距离、速度、年龄、人或物的数量等; 听懂数字间的关系,更要听清问题,因为对运算方法的考查通常寓于问题中; 注意数字运算有关的单词或短语; 注意时间是60进制, 还要注意百分数、倍数等的数量词。
关键词: more, less, as much(many) as, another, double, a couple of, to, past, quarter, double, half, dozen, couple, thirty percent, three times, century, etc.
⑤观点态度题
题型特点；根据对话者说话的语音、语调、语气以及谈话内容，判断出说话者对某人、某事物的看法或态度。
问题类型：What does the man(woman)say about/think of...?/How does the man(woman) feel/ like about...?/What's the man's(woman's) opinion about...?
解题技巧：此类题要求考生根据对话中的提示词、语气、语调等内涵意义，推断出谈话人的意图和看法。就语调而言，降调(尤其是在一般疑问句和反意疑问句中）通常表示讲话人的态度是肯定、赞同的，而升调(特别是在陈述句或特殊疑问句中表示对事务的怀疑、惊讶或否定。
例1：M：I paid fifteen dollars for three books. I think they're too expensive．
W：Expensive? You shouldn't have said so.
Q：How did the woman feel about the books' price?
A. She thought they were expensive.
B. She thought they were cheap．
C. She liked the books.
解析：对话中expensive用了升调。表示对此存在疑问， 且根据后一句"You shouldn’t have said so."(你本不应该这样说)可知女工认为这些书并不贵。
⑥行为活动题
题型特点：根据谈话内容判断谈话一方或双方做过、正在做、准备去做什么或—方建议另一方去做什么。
问题类型：What does the woman suggest the man doing?/What is the man(woman)doing?/What will they do first?/What does the man(woman) intend to do?/What are the speakers going to do?/What are the speakers doing?/What's the man(woman)going to do?
解题技巧：此类题型需要考生记录有关的提示信息和关键词，然后根据句意做出判断。
例1：M：I can't find the key to my car. I need to go for a drive.
W：I'll look for it later．Right now I want you to help fix this shelf before I paint it.
Q：What will they do first?
A. Look for the key.
B. Repair the car.
C. Fix a shelf. ，
解析：对话中提到了四件要做的事：找钥匙、开车外出、修理书架和给书架刷漆。对话中有二处表示动作先后关系的关键词，一个是later，表示呆会儿她来找钥匙；另一个是right now，表示其他事情可以呆会儿做，但要立刻修理书架，最后是before(在…之前)，由此修书架在先，刷漆在后。
例2: W: I think I'll take the half-day tour of the city.
M: Why not the whole day?
Q: What does the man suggest?
A. Touring the city on a fine day.
B. Visiting the city with a group.
C. Spending more time on sightseeing
解析：对话中女士说她将用个人的时间来游览这座城市．男士则建议说：“Why not the whole day?"意思是：为何不用一整天的时间(来游览这座城市)呢, 显然男士希望她能多花点时间来观光。
例3: What does the woman think of the man?
A. Lazy. B. Greedy. C. Curious.
听力原文：M: Hmm… I think I’ll have a chicken sandwich.
W: Okay, a chicken sandwich. Anything else?
M: Soup would be good. Yes, bring me tomato soup, and a salad and a chicken sandwich.
W: Fine, tomato soup, salad and a chicken sandwich. A piece of pie for dessert?
M: No, but you know I love cakes most. Bring me three cakes and some cookies too.
W: Cakes and cookies?
M: Right. That’s too much. Forget cookies. Just bring me the cakes and a glass of milk and some coffee and…
M: Still more? Why don’t I just bring back the whole café!
解析：对话中的男士因为要准备report所以请女士帮忙带外卖。女士中间说了A peace of pie for dessert?作为推荐, 但后来由于男士的要求太多而引起了她的不满。此外,通过对话中他啰嗦的表现, 我们也可以看出他是个greedy贪心和贪吃的人。如果同学们不认得这个单词,同样可以采用排除法。Lazy懒的,他不是自己不愿意去,而是有事在身,curious好奇的, 与本题无关。因此答案为B。
再强调：
该类型题目对话中经常涉及到一方对另一方或某一事件、观点、言论、行为的态度和反应,或赞成或反对,或满意或失望,喜怒哀乐等各种情绪。此类题目的解题方法还有：
a. 语音语调。英语中,语调主要有升调、降调两种,另外还有升降调和降升调。不同的语调表达不同的含义。例如,陈述句用升调表示说话者抱有迟疑、犹豫的态度；用降调表示肯定。反意疑问句如果反意部分是降调,就表示肯定,希望得到赞同或支持；反之,则表示征求对方的意见或不耐烦。
b. 提示词和关键词。考生可以根据一些提示性的语言或一些相关的词语进行判断,如 I think…; It seems to me that…; As far as I’m concerned, I could say…; It is/sounds true that...同时还要注意表示否定、转折和虚拟等含义的指示词。如,I’d be fired if I accepted your offer.所表达的是拒绝。
c. 从字里行间判断。录音材料的内容、材料中不会直接说明态度,但在字里行间会有渗透,考生在听懂对话的基础上,依据语气,充分理解其言外之意和所反映出来的态度。
⑦细节推断题
题型特点：说话人表达思想的方式比较含蓄，往往不能为选择答案提供直接的信息。这就要求考生在听懂对话的基础上，根据对话中的关键词、上下文、说话人的语气等，利用逻辑推理去推测说话人的真实意图、对话发生的地点和时间，事件发生的原因等。
问题类型：What does the man(woman) mean? / What do we learn from the conversation? / Why is the woman so happy? / What does the man (woman) imply? / What can be inferred from the conversation?
解题技巧：一般可从以下几个方面来考虑：
a.从间接回答中理解言外之意。有时，第二说话人针对问题并不做出正面的回答，而是以间接的方式回答提出的问题。
b. 推测原因或结果。因果题型较为容易，考生只需按照听力题的常规方法，即浏览选项，预测考点，细听原文，做出推测就可以了。需注意的是，出于礼貌，有时说话人不直接讲出不能做某事的原因，而是先以肯定的形式表示赞同，然后再利用转折词直接说出原因。
c. 从短语的内涵意义中理解说话人的真实含义。
例1：W: Where were you on Christmas, David? I called you several times and nobody was home.
M: My parents and I traveled to Australia to visit my uncle. It was quite an experience to spend Christmas in summer.
Q: What do we learn from this conversation?
A. The man went to Australia during Christmas.
B. The man visited Australia during the summer vacation.
C. The man didn't have a good time because of the different weather.
解析：圣诞节在每年的12月25日，这个时间在南半球正好是全年最热的时候，也就是澳大利亚的夏天。从对话中我们无法推断出David是否是学生，且只提到summer而不一定就是summer vacation。由此无法肯定B是否正确；根据男士提到的“It was quite an experience”可知。他在澳大利亚过得很愉快,由此可排除C显然与对话内容不符。
例2：: When can the doctor see me?
M: He won't be free until tomorrow.
Q: What does the man mean?
A. The doctor won't see her tomorrow.
B. The doctor is busy tomorrow.
C. The doctor is busy all day today.
解析：本题中男士用not...until...（直到…才…)句型强调时间，指出知道明天才有时间与女士见面，同时也暗示今天忙，没时间。A和B内容相似, 答案不可能有两个，故可排除，只有C与对话内容相符， 几个人忙，明天才有时间。
例3: What can we infer from the conversation?
A. Jane has just learned to drive.
B. Jane’s car is in bad condition.
C. Mike will go to the airport.
听力原文: W: Listen, Mike, I’ve got a really problem.
M: What is it?
W: The car is broken down.
M: Oh, now again.
W: Yeah, I checked the oil, and I checked almost everything. It’s just not starting at all.
解析: 根据 “The car is broken down. I’t’s just not starting at all.”可以判断正确的答案。
例4: What does the man imply?
A. He got help from the woman.
B. He needed more time to study.
C. He worked hard for his composition.
听力原文: W: Congratulations! I heard that you did an excellent job on your composition.
M: Thanks. I've put a lot of time into it.
解析: 好成绩的取得当然与努力付出有关。所以本题毫无疑问,答案为C。
判断要通过两种途径实现: 一是充分利用各题仅有的5秒钟快速阅读选项, 这样一来，在听录音时就更容易抓住重点；二是对所给的信息进行判断分析。该类型题目要求应试者推测出某些细节的结果或对某些细节进行比较。在听的过程中尽快浏览各选择项,以便做出某些预测；运用常识猜测某个细节可能有的结果。
四、短文理解
1．短文理解试题简介
本部分由一篇短文组成，每篇约为150词。短文后有3—4个问题，所选取的短文以英语国家有关的材料为主，与对话相比，本部分信息量大、题材广泛，主要包括叙事、说明、议论、讲座、新闻等类型。
2．短文理解题型分类
①事实细节题
题型特点：考查辨认文中具体事实细节的能力以及对短文中人名、地名、时间、原因、数据、目的等细节信息的把握。
问题类型：Who did...? / When (Where, What, Why or How) did...? /What is...? / What are the causes of the accident? / Which of the following is true / mentioned? / Why was...? / What is the reason / purpose...?
②综合推断题
题型特点：此类题型主要测试考生根据文章所提供的信息进行判断，推理、综合和归纳的能力。主要涉及说话人的态度、观点以及原因、结果等。
问题类型：What can be inferred from the passage? What does the speaker think about the problem...? What was the speaker most concerned about? How does the writer feel about...?
③主旨大意题
题型特点：此类题型主要考查理解和概括文章主要内容的能力，涉及文章的主题、标题以及中心思想等。
问题类型：What is the main idea/topic of the passage? What can we learn from this passage? What is the best title for this passage? What is the passage mainly about? What does the passage tell us?
3. 短文理解解题技巧
①浏览选项, 预测短文题材、内容及问题方向。
选项的结构和内容往往暗示问题的类型和大致内容。一般来说，选项中重复率高的词或词组是构成问题本身的主要成分, 而选项中变化的词或词组正是问题要问的成分。
例1：A. They haven't reached a decision yet.
B. They have decided to go hunting bears.
C. They want to go camping.
解析：从四个选项中我们可以看出A、B划线部分的意思相似．属重复率高的部分。因此构成问题的主要成分；而C划线部分是变化的，属于问题要问及的成分。由此可推测，这道题是问“他们决定或想要上哪”。 果然，本题的问题是"Where have the family decided to go in the vacation this summer?"。
例2：
A. She was questioned by the police.
B. She was shut in a small room for 2O minutes.
C. She was insulted by the shoppers around her.
解析：本题三个选项中均含"She was",由此初步确定问题与女士有关，选项中均用了被动语态,分别指女士被审问、关押、侮辱和搜身．因此可进一步推断出：问题可能问女士受到的惩罚。问题为"What happened to Mrs．White after she was taken back to the store?"
②抓住主题句，掌握全文中心大意。
对主题的理解是正确解题的保证。主题句常出现在篇首(常是短文的第—句)或篇末，偶尔也会出现在短文中间。对于分段落的短文而言, 段落之间往往有稍长的停顿，每段的第一句常为段落的主题句。另外提醒注意的是：有些故事性文章没有主题句, 需根据故事发生的情节进行概括和总结.
例3：What is this passage mainly about?
A. The difference between classical music and rock music.
B. Why classical music is popular with maths students.
C. The effects of music on the results of math tests
解析：考生可首先根据选项推断指出本题是考查对文章大意的理解, 文章主要涉及classical music和 math的关系，只要听懂文章的前两句就可以得出正确答案。
听力原文：
Do you have a tough math test? Then listen to some classical piano music just before the test. You might end up with a higher score. Researchers at a university in California conducted an experiment. They asked a group of college students to listen to some piano music by a famous 18th century composer before taking a math test. They were surprised to find that the students scores jumped 8 to 9 points. The music seemed to excite nerve activity in the brain: similar to the activity that occurs when a person is figuring out a math problem. However, the scientists warn before you get too excited about applying this method to your math test, you should remember that brain exciting effects last only 10 or 15 minutes, Would rock music work as well as the piano music did? No, the scientists say. In fact, the less complex music might even interfere with the brain's reasoning ability.
3做好笔记，把握关键词。
由于短文信息最大，只听两遍，很难记住全部内容，尤其是细节，因此涉及到数字、人名、地名、时间等细节时要做记录。同时还要把握短文中表示句子或段落之间的关系的关键词以便进行推理和判断等。
例4：How long did Ethbell teach minority students?
A. 8 years. B. 20 years. C. 16 years.
解析：根据题目可看出本题考查对文中时间细节的理解。因此需注意文中 对时间的描述。文中提到了两个时间，一个是主人公的教龄为30年，另一个是他教少数民族学生的时间为20年．只要听时注意两个时间的区别，就可以判断出选项B与句意相符。.
听力原文：
After retiring from 3O years of teaching, Ethbell Pepper could easily have decided to sit back and relax and enjoy a peaceful retirement. But that kind of life is not for Ethbell Pepper. "I just wanted to do something different. If you are going to participate in life, do it. Don't just sit down and look on the window." She says. At 68, she decided to become one of the pioneer participation in a program at the university of California. The program offers campus housing
and classes to people over sixty. She enrolled in a class called Human Relationships and Diverse Society. "l taught minority students in my English and drama classes in high school for 20 years. But in this course, I found out a lot about other cultures I didn't know then. One of the more important lessons that I'm learning is to perceive, not to judge." Older adults can add to the educational resources of university by bringing with them a lot of valuable experiences. Their presence on campus helps break some long beliefs of aging. Young students may have fears of growing older. But that kind of fear can be reduced as they see the older people can be active, healthy, and continue to contribute to society. The younger students can begin to see aging as a natural part of living.
