一 独立主格结构的构成
名/代 现在分词/过去分词
名/代 形容词/副词
名/代 不定式
名/代 介词短语
with 上述结构
二 独立主格结构的特点
1. 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2. 名词或代词后的分词，形容词，分词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。
3. 独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
The test finished,we began our holiday.=When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
The president murdered,the whole country was in deep sorrow.=After the president was murdered,the whole country was in deep sorrow.
Whether permitting,we are going to visit you tomorrow.
This done, we went home.
The meeting gone over,everyone tried to go home earlier.
He came into the room,his ears red with cold.
He came out of the library, a large book underhis arm.
You mustn't sit with your feet pointing at another person.
He lay on his back,with his hands crossed under his head.
He entered the room,with his nose red with cold.
She did the experiment with the door closed.
The boy headed home, with his schoolbag on his back.
He climbed in, with a sword in his hand.
He fell asleep with the radio on.
With class over, the students ran out of the classroom.
With the new term to begin soon, we'll be very busy again.
注：1.独立主格中的形容词、副词、介词短语表状态。
2. 独立主格中的不定式表未来动作。
3. 独立主格中的现在分词表主动的动作。
4. 独立主格中的过去分词表被动的动作，但也可用现在分词完成式的被动形式表被动的动作。
Spring having been here,they still haven't got ready for sewing.
The book having been published,the students will benefit a lot from it.
独立主格专练一
1. He stood for a moment with his hands still ____.
A. to be raised B. raised C. being raised D. raising
2. No one could get into the room with the door tightly ____.
A. to shut B. shutting C. shut D. shutted
3. The murderer was brought in, with his hands ____ behind his back.
A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied
4. The old sick goat lay on the ground, its eyes ____ and its legs ____.
A. closed; trembled B. closing; trembling
C. closed; trembling D. closing; trembled
5. ____ a great leader, his words carry more weight than anybody else’s
A. Being B. He is C. For he is D. He being
6. Condition ____, I’ll teach myself a second foreign language.
A. permitted B. permitting c. permits D. being permitted
7. ____, he couldn’t buy the dictionary.
A. Losing his money B. His money lost
C. His money being lost D. Lost his money
8. ____, we were very happy.
A. He came B. That he came C. He having come D. His coming
9. ____, his books are received by young people.
A. Well known for his expert advice B. Became he was well known for his expert advice C. His expert advice is well know D. His expert advice well know
10. ____, he had to stay at home looking after her.
A. Being ill B. His wife was ill c. His wife being ill D. Because he was ill
独立主格专练二
11. ____ (手术一结束), the patient was sent back to the room.
12. ____我们到达长春时, it was midnight.
13. ____冬天来了, it’s getting colder and colder.
14. ____桌子摆好后, they began to have lunch
15. ____作业做完后, the child went to bed
17. ____他妈妈病了， she had to look after her at home.
18. ____ 你忙于工作，I’ll go alone
19. ____ 花光了所有的钱he had to look for a job.
20. ____他的腿受了重伤, he had to stay in bed
21. ____如果明天天气好,we’re going to climb the mountain.
22. ____ 如果时间允许,we’ll visit the Summer Palace.
23. ____如果全面考虑, the plan should be put off
24. She lay against the wall, 太阳照在她的脸上____.
25. _____ 他引导着这个盲人, they walked slowly across the street.
26. He rushed in the room,他满脸是汗 ____.
27. She sat in the chair, 她闭着眼睛_____.
28. He stared at her，他张着嘴 ____.
29. She went out of the room, 一句话也没说____ .
30. He stood at the windows, 手插在衣袋里____
31. The boy rushed into the room, 手里拿着帽子____.
32. She is lying，双手枕在脑袋下 ____.
33. The teacher came into the room ，手里拿着一本书___
