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高中人教版英语选修七第4单元：课文内容和单词语法精讲
Unit 4
airmail [ˈeəmeil]n.航空邮件
fortnight [ˈfɔ:tnait]n.两星期
hear from接到……的信
(be) dyingto极想；渴望
roof [ru:f]n.屋顶；车顶
muddy [ˈmʌdi]adj.泥泞的；泥土般的
textbook [ˈtekstbuk]n.教科书；课本
concept [ˈkɔnsept]n.观念；概念
△bucket [ˈbʌkit]n.水桶；吊桶；提桶
the otherday不久前的一天
weekly [ˈwi:kli]adj.&adv.每周（的）
△bubble [ˈbʌbəl]vi.起泡；沸腾；汩汩地流动
relevant[ˈreləvənt]adj.有关的；切题的
remote [riˈməut]adj.遥远的；偏僻的
△ridge [ridʒ]n.山脊；屋脊
weed [wi:d]n.杂草；野草vt.& vi.除杂草
△hut [hʌt]n.棚屋；小屋
rectangle [ˈrektæŋgl]n.矩形；长方形
rectangular[rekˈtæŋgjulə]adj.长方形的；矩形的
adjust[əˈdʒʌst]vi.& vt.调整；（使）适合
platform [ˈplætfɔ:m]n.台；平台；讲台；（火车站的）月台
broom [bru:m]n.扫帚
tin [tin]n.锡 公众号：新标准英语（NSEnglish）
jar [dʒɑ:]n.罐；广口瓶
sniff [snif]vt. & vi.嗅；闻；用鼻子吸
participate[pɑ:ˈtisipeit]vi.参与；参加
interpreter [inˈtə:pritə]n.作口译的人
grill [gril]n.烤架；大平底锅vt.烧烤；炙烤
dry out（使浸水等之物）完全变干；干透
△leftover ['leftˌəuvə]n.剩余物；残留物；剩饭
adj.剩余的
△evil [ˈi:vəl]adj.邪恶的n.邪恶；罪恶
dry up（指河流、井等）干涸
otherwise[ˈʌðəwaiz]conj.否则；不然
adv.用别的方法；其他方面
privilege [ˈprivilidʒ]n.特权；特别优待
paperwork ['peipəˌwə:k]n.文书工作
arrangement [əˈreindʒmənt]n.安排；排列
toast [təust]vt.烤（面包等）；敬酒
n.烤面包（片）；吐司面包；干杯
comb [kəum]n.梳子vi.梳（发）
astronaut [ˈæstrənɔ:t]n.宇航员；太空人
angle [ˈæŋgəl]n.角；角度
catalogue [ˈkætəlɔg]n.目录
donate[dəuˈneit]vt.捐赠
voluntary[ˈvɔləntəri]adj .自愿的；无偿的
in need在困难中；在危急中
purchase[ˈpə:tʃəs]vt. & n.买；购买
anniversary [ˌænəˈvə:səri]n.周年纪念（日）
seed [si:d]n.种子；萌芽
△seedlingn.秧苗；树苗
△vaccination [ˌvæksiˈneiʃən]n.接种疫苗
△loan [ləun]n.贷款
sew [səu]vi.（用针线）缝vt.缝制；缝合
sewing machine [məˈʃi(:)n] 缝纫机
△supplement [ˈsʌplimənt]n.增补的事物；补充；附录；增刊
ox [ɔks]n.公牛
△plough [plau]vi.（犁）地；（耕）地
trunk [trʌŋk]n.树干；躯干；大衣箱
trunk library [ˈlaibrəri] 箱式（柜式）图书馆
tractor [ˈtræktə]n.拖拉机；牵引机
click[klik]vi. & vt.（使）发出咔嗒声n.咔嗒声
tailor [ˈteilə]n.裁缝vt.剪裁；缝制（衣服）
△economic [ˌi:kəˈnɔmik]adj.经济的；经济学的
political [pəˈlitikəl]adj.政治的；政党的
distribute[diˈstribju:t]vt.分配；分发
distributionn.分配；分发；分布状态
△financial [fəˈnænʃəl]adj.财务的；金融的；财政的
security [siˈkjuəriti]n.安全；保护；保障
operate[ˈɔpəreit]vi.工作；运转vt.操作
clinic [ˈklinik]n.门诊部；小诊所
Unit4 A LETTER HOME
一封家信
Dear Rosemary, 亲爱的罗斯玛丽：
Thanks for your letter, which took a fortnight to arrive. 谢谢你的来信，这封信两星期才到。 It was wonderful to hear from you. 收到你的信真是太高兴了。I know you're dying to hear all about my life here, so I've included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about. 我知道你急于了解我在这儿的生活情况。因此，我在信中附有几张照片，能够帮助你想象出我所谈到的地方。
You asked about my high school. 你问起我的中学情况。Well, it's a bush school – the classrooms are made of bamboo and the roofs of grass. 噢，它是一所丛林学校——教室是用竹子搭起来的，屋顶是用茅草盖的。 It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a muddy track. 我只要沿着一条泥泞的小路步行几分钟就到学校了。When I reach the school grounds there are lots of "good mornings" for me from the boys. 每当我走到学校操场的时候，迎接我的是男孩子们一片“早上好”的声音。Many of them have walked along way, sometimes up to two hours, to get to school.他们中许多人走了很长的路，有时候要走两个小时才能到学校。
There's no electricity or water and even no textbooks either! 这里没有电，也没有水，甚至连课本也没有！ I'm still trying to adapt to these conditions. 我还在努力适应这儿的生活条件。 However, one thing is for sure, I've become more imaginative in my teaching. 但是有一点是肯定的，我在教学中变得更富有想象力了。Science is my most challenging subject as my students have no concept of doing experiments. 理科对我来说是最富挑战性的课，因为我的学生对做实验没有概念。In fact there is no equipment, and if I need water I have to carry it from my house in a bucket!实际上，根本没有设备。如果需要水，我还得从家里用水桶提过来！The other day I was showing the boys the weekly chemistry experiment when, before I knew it, the mixturewas bubbling over everywhere!有一天，我正给孩子们做每周一次的化学实验的演示，我还没有明白怎么回事，混合剂就到处冒气泡了！The boys who had never come across anything like this before started jumping out of the windows.男孩们以前从来没有见过这种情况，吓得都往窗外跳去。Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students, most of whom will be going back to their villages after Year 8 anyway. 有时候，我真想知道，化学对这些孩子究竟有多大的用处。他们中的大多数人学完八年级以后就要回到他们的村庄去了。To be honest, I doubt whether I'm making any difference to these boys' lives at all.说实在的，我真的不知道我教的课是否会让这些孩子的生活有所改变。
You asked whether I'm getting to know any local people. 你问我是否了解当地的老百姓。Well, that's actually quite difficult as I don't speak much of the local English dialect yet. 这实在是太难了，因为我还说不了几句当地人说的英语。But last weekend another teacher, Jenny, and 1 did visit a village which is the home of one of the boys,Tombe. 不过，上周末我和另外一位叫詹妮的教师真的去访问了一个村庄，那是我的学生汤贝的家。 It was my first visit to a remote village.这是我第一次到偏僻的村子里去。We walked for two and a half hours to get there -first up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below. 我们步行了两个半小时才到达那里——先是爬山，爬到山脊能看到奇妙的景色，然后下一个陡坡，一直走到下面的山谷。When we arrived at the village, Tombe's mother, Kiak, who had been pulling weeds in her garden,started crying "ieee ieee".当我们到村庄的时候，汤贝的母亲齐亚克本来在园子里拔草，看到我们就“嗳矣，嗳矣”地叫了起来。We shook hands with all the villagers. 我们同所有的村民都握了手。Everyone seemed to be a relative of Tombe's.每个人看上去都是汤贝家的亲戚。
Tombe's father, Mukap, led us to his house, a low bamboo hut with grass sticking out of the roof - this shows it is a man's house. 汤贝的父亲叫莫卡普，他把我们带到他的家里。这是一个低矮的竹屋，屋顶上伸出一簇茅草——它代表这间竹屋是男人住的。The huts were round, not rectangular like the school buildings.屋子是圆的，不像学校那样是长方形的。There were no windows and the doorway was just big enough to get through. 这里没有窗户，房门只够一个人进出。The hut was dark inside soit took time for our eyes to adjust. 小屋内很黑，因此眼睛要过好一阵子才能适应过来。Fresh grass had been laidon the floor and there was a newly made platform for Jenny and me to sleep on. 地上摆放着一堆新鲜的草，还新做了一个平台，是供詹妮和我睡觉用的。Usually Kiak would sleep inher own hut, but that night she was going to share the platform with us. 通常齐亚克是睡在她自己的小屋里的，而那天晚上她要同我们一起睡在平台上。 Mukap and Tombe were to sleep on small beds in another part of the hut. 莫卡普和汤贝则睡在竹屋另一边的小床上。 There was a fireplace inthe centre of the hut near the doorway. 在竹屋中间靠近房门的地方有一个火炉。The only possessions I could see were one broom, a few tin plates and cups and a couple of jars.我所看到的仅有的家具是一把扫帚，几个锡盘和锡杯，还有两个罐子。
Outside Mukap was building a fire. 莫卡普在屋子外边生火。 Once the fire was going, he laid stones on it. 火着起来后，他往火里扔了几块石头。When hot, he placed them in an empty oil drum with kau kau (sweet potato), corn and greens. 烧热以后，他把石头放在一个空油桶里，加上一些考考（红薯）、玉米和青菜，He then covered the vegetables with banana leaves and left them to steam.然后他用香蕉叶把这些蔬菜盖上，等着它们蒸熟。 I sniffed the food; itsmelled delicious. 我用鼻子嗅，食物闻起来很香。We ate inside the hut sitting round the fire. 我们在房里围着火炉坐下来吃东西。I loved listening to the family softly talking to each other in their language, even though I could not participate the conversation. 他们家里人轻声细语地用自己的语言在交谈。我很喜欢听他们谈话，尽管我不能加入他们的谈话。Luckily, Tombe could be our interpreter.幸好，汤贝能给我们当翻译。
Later,I noticed a tin can standing upside down on the grill over the fire.后来，我发现有一个锡罐子倒放在火炉的烤架上。After a short time Tombe threw it out of the doorway.过了一会儿，汤贝把它从门道里扔了出去。I was puzzled.我不懂为什么这么做。Tombe told me that the canwas heated to dry out the leftover food.汤贝告诉我说，罐子加热是为了把里面的残菜剩饭烧干。They believe that any leftovers attract evil spirits in the night, so the food is dried up in the canand the can is then thrown out of the hut.他们相信剩饭在夜晚会引来邪灵，所以要把食物放在罐子里烧干，再把罐子一起扔到屋外去。Otherwise they don't waste anything.否则的话，他们是不会浪费任何东西的。
W eleft the village the next morning after many goodbyes and firm handshakes.第二天早晨，经过一番紧紧握手和道别之后，我们就离开了村庄。My muscles were aching andmy knees shaking as we climbed down the mountain towards home.我们爬下山回家，往回走的时候，我的腿部肌肉发痛，膝盖发抖。That evening I fell happily into bed.那天晚上我很开心，倒在床上就睡了。It was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombe's family.跟汤贝一家度过了一天，真是一种殊荣。
It's getting late and I have to prepare tomorrow's lessons and do some paperwork.Please write soon.天色很晚了，我还得准备明天的功课呢。请早日来信。
Love
Jo 爱你的，乔
Unit 4
THE WORLD'SMOST USEFUL GIFT CATALOGUE
世界上最有用的礼物清单
Would you like to donate an unusual gift?你是否想要赠送一份特殊的礼物？Then this is the catalogue for you.那么下面这份礼单供你参考吧。The gift you give is not something your loved one keeps but a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.你送的礼物不是给你所爱的人留念的，而是给那些确有需要的人的一项生活上的无偿捐助。
Choose from this catalogue a really useful gift for some of the world's poorest and bring hope for a better future to a community in need.从这份清单中选择一份确实有用的礼物，送给世界上最穷苦的人吧。给急需帮助的社区带去一份改善未来的希望吧。
When you purchase an item, we will send you an attractive card for you to send to your special person.你选购一项礼物时，我们都会给你提供一张精美的卡片，让你送给你的某个特殊的人。You can use the cards forany special occasion-weddings ,births, birthdays, Christmas or anniversaries,etc.这种卡片可以用在任何一种特殊的场合 —— 结婚、出生、生日、圣诞节、周年纪念等。
Gifts礼物 Cost(AUD)价值（澳元）
A 20tree seedlings 20株树苗 $5
B A loan to set up women’s self-help group组建妇女自助会的贷款 $8
C Water supply for one person一个人的用水 $10
DTraining in vegetable gardening蔬菜园艺培训 $15
E Child vaccinations against 6 killer diseases预防六种儿童致命疾病的疫苗$20
F School books 学校用书$20
G Basic adult education 成人基础教育 $25
H Basic health-care services 基本保健服务 $30
I One year of primary schooling 小学一年的学费 $35
J A goat for a poor family 资助困难户一头羊 $40
K A family toilet 家用厕具 $50
L Water for a family 一个家庭的用水 $65
M A loan to set up a small business 建一家小型企业的贷款 $85
N A sewing machine 一台缝纫机 $100
O Family nutritional supplements 家用营养补品 $130
P Oxen for ploughing 耕牛 $180
Q A trunk library 箱式图书馆 $200
R Assistance for families headed by children 对遗孤家庭的扶助金 $300
S A community primary school 社区小学经费 $500
T Village tractor 村庄拖拉机 $1000
U A well and water pump 水井和水泵 $1350
To致_______
To let you know that I am thinking of you, I have purchased a gift from the World’s Most Useful Gift Catalogue for you to give to some of the world’s poorest. 为了让你知道我在想着你们，特从“世界上最有用的礼物清单”中购得一份礼物，请你转送给世界上最穷苦的人。
This gift will train a whole village of around 40 families in India, Kenya, or Bangladesh in new agricultural methods, and provide seeds and simple agricultural equipment.这份礼物给印度、肯尼亚或孟加拉国约40户人口的村庄，对他们进行新的农业生产方法的培训，并提供种子和简单的农业机械。Just 20% more produce will mean the difference between sickness and health, between families going hungry and families providing for themselves.仅仅提高20%的产量就意味着会对人的患病与健康、家庭饥饿与自足产生影响。
From 来自______
Unit 4 语法知识点：
定语从句
1. 关系代词 that, which (物) that, who, whom(人)whose(人和物)
①关系代词在从句做主语，宾语，表语。当做宾语时，可以省略。
A plane is a machine that can fly.（that做主语，先行词是物）
The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.（which先行词是物，在从句中作宾语可省，） She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.（that先行词是人，在从句中做宾语可省）
②who在从句中多做主语，whom只能做宾语，（介词和动词后）
Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?（who在从句中做主语，先行词是人）
The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.（whom在从句中做宾语，可省）
③ whose先行词即可是人也可是物。
I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.
2. 关系副词
where 在从句中作地点状语 when 在从句中作时间状语 why 在从句中作原因状语 I will never forget the day when we met there.
This is the house where I was born.
I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.
三、介词/介词短语 关系代词（which, whom）
Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working. This is the hotel in which you will stay.
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词 which"结构，因此常常和"介词 which"结构交替使用。
例如：There are occasions when （on which） one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where（in which） I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why （for which） he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
四、 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
1. 形式不同
2. 作用不同
限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清；而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整：
3. 翻译不同 He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。 I’ve invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。
4. 先行词不同
五、 as引导的定语从句 as可以引导限制性和非限制性定语从句，在从句中做主语，宾语和表语。翻译成“像„一样”或“像” such„as 像„„一样，之类 the same„as 和„„一样
He is such a clever boy as everyone likes.(as在从从句中做宾语，)
That’s the same tool as I used last week.
六、 as引导的定语从句和which的区别
①which 限制性非限制性位于句后修饰整句或先行词
Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a very beautiful city.
As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.
② as 多 和 被 动 语 态 连 用 ， be known, be said, be reported, be announced, be expected等
③当非限制性定语从句是否定时，只能用which。
He came here very late, which was unexpected.
七、 特殊情况
只能用that的情况：
1.先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时
2.先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时
3.先行词有形容词最高级修饰时
4.先行词有序数词修饰时
5.先行词既指人又指物时
6.先行词被the only, the very修饰时
7.句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时
例如：
1.He told me everything that he knows.
2.All the books that you offered has been given out.
3.This is the best film that I have ever read.
4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.
5.He is the only man that I want to see.
6.Who is the man that is making a speech?
二、 只能用which不能用that的情况:
1. 非限制性定语从句
2. 介词 which
3. the way 做先行词时，定语从句可由that, in which 引导或不用引导词。
4. 当先行词是point, situation, stage等时，引导词用where.
知识点：英语·选修7"Sharing"
刘凯老师介绍
刘凯，男，蒙古族，黑龙江省齐齐哈尔人。本科为哈尔滨师范大学英语系，硕士为北京理工大学。2010年赴美国宾夕法尼亚大学交流学习；2013年美国亚利桑那大学访问学者；2015年澳大利亚新南威尔士大学ESL研修；2018年加州理工学院语言学双学位获得者；2019年赴澳大利亚麦考瑞大学交流习；GRE托福考试全球高分获得者；荣获长江商学院EMBA。
北京市优秀青年教师，北京市级重点高中示范校骨干教师，多年高中一线执教经验，高三年级把关教师，多次参与东城区模拟试题命题工作，教学理念先进，教学成果突出，多篇教学论文获市区级奖项。多篇文章发表在《中国教育报》《中国考试》《北京教育》等报刊上。多次参加高考阅卷工作，参与人民教育出版社、北京教育出版社、外研社等各类高考教学用书的编写工作，有丰富的备考经验，国际核心期刊发表多篇论文。
教育部课题研究员，参与国家十二五课题计划，并作出突出贡献，参与初中、高中各年级区级试题的命制，多次承担区级和市级研究课任务。北京市科技英语优秀指导教师，所带学生在各级英语口语、作文竞赛中多次获奖；将扎实的英语基本功和严谨的学术思想作为教学的基础，课堂上善于寓教于乐，信息量大，内容丰富，使学生在和谐的课堂气氛下欣赏英语、享受英语、掌握英语、运用英语。
2009-2012年期间，多次受邀在北京广播电台主持英语高考大纲解析及英语新课程改革节目，学术功底深厚，兼具偶像派与实力派特点，教风亲切洒脱，诙谐幽默，思维开阔，屡有奇思妙想，善于引导学生学以致用，对高考动向把握极其准确，深受学生和家长欢迎。尤其擅长英语语法和单词记忆法。
海外生活学习十年，社科人文类学科偏爱者；10年雅思教龄，知名教师培训师；指导上万考生快速冲刺雅思写作、阅读，平均分数7.5分；独创“段落清空”、极简化“针对检索式”阅读法等众多高效技法；每年雅思考试均在10次以上；均分8 ；真题回忆准确度97%以上；贴近西式思路和语言指导学生写作；善于帮助学生突破学术写作思维瓶颈。讲授科目有长难句、翻译、四六级考试、阅读和写作；在2014、2015、2017、2019四年考研中，接受其培训的所有考生中有近万名考生取得高分。带给学生的不只是考分的提高，更多的是对英语领悟和感知的突破。纯正的英音、独到的见解、睿智的思维和轻松幽默的语言，为其赢得了广大学生的认同和喜爱。
资深考研培训讲师；
英语四六级考试天团高级讲师；
雅思阅读、雅思写作培训主讲名师；
六级考试阅卷组成员；
深谙命题规律和解题套路，对英语的学习规律和方法见解独特。
呼吁国人学习英语的态度：
重复是记忆之母。
用听，用看，用心去触摸每个单词，你便会有好的记忆。
中国人要学好英语就要有一点点变态。
上课特点：课堂从不需点名，却无人缺席
教学理念：英语教师很幸运也有责任与学生一同叩响世界之门
