句型1 According to the reading, the Industrial Revolution can be explained as the great change in the method of manufacturing goods which began in the 18th century.
根据阅读，工业革命可以解释为始于18世纪的商品制造方法的巨大变化。
according to 根据。according to the reading和 the reading says 是同义词，表示根据。
can be explained as 可以解释为…。主语为出现在阅读中的关键字，如学术用语或研究领域的内容，对这些进行解释说明时使用这个短语。
The reading says 'manufacturing' is a production system that uses machines to make merchandise.
书上说，“制造业”是一种使用机器制造商品的生产系统。
According to the reading, manufacturing can be explained as a production system that uses machines to make merchandise.
根据阅读，制造业可以解释为使用机器制造商品的生产系统。
According to the reading, modernization can be explained as the transition from a traditional society to an industrial society.
根据阅读，现代化可以解释为从传统社会到工业社会的过渡。
The reading says 'urbanization' is a population increase in cities as a result of workers moving from rural areas.
文中说，“城市化”是由于劳动力从农村地区转移到城市而造成的城市人口增长。
According to the reading, urbanization can be explained as a population increase in cities as a result of workers moving from rural areas.
根据阅读，城市化可以解释为劳动力从农村转移到城市而造成的城市人口增加。
句型2 Steam engines and cars replaced horses, expanding transportation.
蒸汽机和汽车取代了马匹，扩大了交通运输。
replace 取代。由于产业革命，旧的东西被新东西replace了，表示变化的时候用的短语。关于那个变化会带来便利性。特别是在谈到历史中的变化时，由于是在过去形式中使用的，所以A replaced B= B was replace by A哪一种说法都有可能。
expand 拓展，扩大。呈圆形状扩展是expand(扩展)，直线状延长的是extend(延伸)。意思和拼法都一样，注意理解两者之间的差异。使用extend的名词形式extension(延长)，说到线条变长。expansion是像expansionof the Roman Empire(罗马帝国的扩张)、expansion of the universe(宇宙的膨胀)那样，以二维、三维的形式进行扩展的形象。
E-mails replaced letters, expanding worldwide information transaction.
电子邮件取代了信件，扩展了世界范围内的信息交易。
The new type of cultivator replaced the old type, expanding agricultural fields.
新型耕作机取代了老式耕作机，扩大了农业用地。
The spinning machine replaced the hand-spinning process, expanding the selection of textiles.
纺纱机取代了手工纺纱，扩大了纺织品的选择范围。
Money replaced the barter system, expanding overall business.
货币取代了物物交换系统，扩大了整个商业。
句型3 The ultimate purpose of octopuses changing their body color is to increase their chances of survival.
章鱼改变身体颜色的最终目的是为了增加存活的机会。
the ultimate purpose 最终目标。I want to...(我想做...)也可以换成my ultimate goal is to...(我的终极目标是做...)。
increase one's chances of 增加某人做…的机会。虽然the ultimate pupose是to survive，在描述所有动物的行为时可以通过添加to increase the chances of，就可以不用直接提及其行为是否与生存有关。
The ultimate purpose or snakes having venom is to increase their chances of survival.
蛇毒的最终目的是为了增加存活的机会。
The ultimate purpose for cats climbing up to high places is to increase their chances of survival.
猫爬到高处的最终目的是为了增加生存的机会。
The ultimate purpose for elephants having long trunks is to increase their chances of survival.
大象长着很长的鼻子的最终目的是为了增加生存的机会。
The ultimate purpose for human beings … is to increase their chances of survival.
人类…的最终目的是增加生存的机会。
eating vegetables吃蔬菜
sleeping睡觉
playing music播放音乐
