推荐一篇好文,原文作者附带译文为了方便阅读,我重新编辑了格式,但没有改动任何原文内容我只在最后添加了我的一些感想,当然你可以选择不看,这没什么,今天小编就来说说关于english是什么意思?下面更多详细答案一起来看看吧!

english是什么意思(美式英语与英式英语的差异)

english是什么意思

推荐一篇好文,原文作者附带译文。为了方便阅读,我重新编辑了格式,但没有改动任何原文内容。我只在最后添加了我的一些感想,当然你可以选择不看,这没什么。

正文:

Differences Between American and British English

美式英语与英式英语之间的差异

While there are certainly many more varieties of English, American English and British English are the two varieties that are taught in most ESL/EFL programs. Generally, it is agreed that no one version is "correct" however, there are certainly preferences in use. The three major differences between between American and British English are:

虽然英语种类繁多,但是美式英语和英式英语是大多数ESL / EFL(作为第二语言的英语教学)教学中的两种主要类型。一般认为没有任何一个版本是“正确”的,但是肯定有使用偏好。美式英语和英式英语主要有的三大区别:

Pronunciation - differences in both vowel and consonants, as well as stress and intonation!

·发音——元音和辅音的差异,以及重音和语调。

Vocabulary - differences in nouns and verbs, especially phrasal verb usage and the names of specific tools or items

·词汇——名词和动词的差异,特别是动词短语的用法和具体的工具或物品的名称。

Spelling - differences are generally found in certain prefix and suffix forms

·拼写——通常指某些前缀和后缀形式的差异。

The most important rule of thumb is to try to be consistent in your usage. If you decide that you want to use American English spellings then be consistent in your spelling (i.e. The color of the orange is also its flavour - color is American spelling and flavour is British), this is of course not always easy - or possible. The following guide is meant to point out the principal differences between these two varieties of English.

最重要的经验是尽量在用法上保持一致。如果您决定使用美式拼写,那么在拼写时保持一致(例如:orange既表示颜色也表示味道——表示颜色时是美式拼写,表示味道时是英式拼写),这当然不是一件容易的事,也不可能是件容易的事。以下指南意在指出这两种英语之间的主要差异。

MINOR GRAMMAR DIFFERENCES

略微的语法差异

There are very few grammar differences between American and British English. Certainly, the words we choose might be different at times. However, generally speaking, we follow the same grammar rules. With that said, there are a few differences.

美式英语与英式英语之间的语法差异很小。当然,我们每次使用的单词可能不同。 但是,一般来说,我们会遵循相同的语法规则。这样说的话,也有一些差异。

USE OF THE PRESENT PERFECT

现在完成时的使用

In British English the present perfect is used to express an action that has occurred in the recent past that has an effect on the present moment.

在英式英语中,现在完成时用来表示动作刚刚发生而对现在仍有影响。

For example:

例如:

I've lost my key. Can you help me look for it?

(我丢了我的钥匙,你能帮我找到吗?)

In American English the following is also possible:

在美式英语中以下情况也可能发生:

I lost my key. Can you help me look for it?

In British English the above would be considered incorrect. However, both forms are generally accepted in standard American English. Other differences involving the use of the present perfect in British English and simple past in American English include already, just and yet.

在英式英语中,上述表述被认为是不正确的。但是,这两种形式通常都被标准的美式英语接受。英式英语中的现在完成时和美式英语中的一般现在时的其他使用差异包括:already, just, yet。

British English:

英式英语:

I've just had lunch.

I've already seen that film.

Have you finished your homework yet?

American English:

美式英语:

I just had lunch OR I've just had lunch

I've already seen that film OR I already saw that film.

Have you finished your homework yet? OR Did you finish your homework yet?

POSSESSION

所有物

There are two forms to express possession in English. Have or Have got

英语中有两种方式表示所有物的说法。Have or Have got。

Do you have a car?

Have you got a car?

He hasn't got any friends.

He doesn't have any friends.

She has a beautiful new home.

She's got a beautiful new home.

While both forms are correct (and accepted in both British and American English), have got (have you got, he hasn't got, etc.) is generally the preferred form in British English while most speakers of American English employ the have (do you have, he doesn't have etc.)

两种用法都正确(英式英语和美式英语中都可以使用),英式英语通常使用have got (have you got, he hasn't got等);而美式英语中通常用have (do you have, he doesn't have等)。

The Verb Get

动词Get

The past participle of the verb get is gotten in American English.

美式英语中,动词get的过去分词为gotten.

美式英语:He's gotten much better at playing tennis.(他网球打的好多了。)

英式英语:He's got much better at playing tennis.

'Have got' is used predominately in British English to indicated 'have' in the sense of possession. Strangely, this form is also used in the United States with the British participle 'got', rather than 'gotten'! Americans will also use 'have got to' in the sense of 'have to' for responsibilities.

英式英语中主要使用“have got”,表示持有意义上的“have”。 奇怪的是,这种形式在美国也有使用,用“got”的英式分词写法,而不用“gotten”! 美国人也会用“have got to”来表示“不得不”承担的责任。

I've got to work tomorrow.

(我明天不得不去工作。)

I've got three friends in Dallas.

(我在达拉斯市有三个朋友。)

VOCABULARY

词汇

The largest differences between British and American English lie in the choice of vocabulary. Some words mean different things in the two varieties for example:

英式英语和美式英语之间最大的区别在于词汇的选择。在这两种英语中,有些词语表示不同的东西,例如:

Mean: (American English - angry, bad humored, British English - not generous, tight fisted)

Mean :(美式英语—— 生气,冷漠,英式英语——吝啬,抠门)

美式英语:

Don't be so mean to your sister!

(你不要对你的姐姐如此冷漠!)

英式英语:

She's so mean she won't even pay for a cup of tea.

(她是如此的吝啬,甚至不愿买一杯茶。)

There are many more examples (too many for me to list here). If there is a difference in usage, your dictionary will note the different meanings in its definition of the term. Many vocabulary items are also used in one form and not in the other. One of the best examples of this is the terminology used for automobiles.

这样的例子很多(太多了,在这里我无法一一列举)。字典会标注出单词的不同含义。许多词汇也以一种形式存在,没有其他形式。其中最好的例子就是汽车方面的术语。

美式英语——

hood

(引擎盖)

英式英语[/cn[cn]] ——

bonnet

美式英语——

trunk

(后备箱)

英式英语——

boot

美式英语——

truck

(货车,卡车)

英式英语——

lorry

Once again, your dictionary should list whether the term is used in British English or American English.

再说一次,你的字典会列出这个单词是用在英式英语中还是美式英语中。

For a more complete list of the vocabulary differences between British and American English use this British vs. American English vocabulary tool.

更全面的关于英式和美式英语词汇差异列表可以使用British vs. American English vocabulary tool。

SPELLING

拼写

Here are some general differences between British and American spellings:

以下是英美式拼写上的一些差异:

Words ending in -or (American) -our (British) color, colour, humor, humour, flavor, flavour etc.

Words ending in -ize (American) -ise (British) recognize, recognise, patronize, patronise etc.

以 -or(美式)-our(英式)结尾的单词:color, colour, humor, humour, flavor, flavour 等等。

以-ize(美式)-ise(英式)结尾的单词:recognize, recognise, patronize, patronise 等等。

The best way to make sure that you are being consistent in your spelling is to use the spell check on your word processor (if you are using the computer of course) and choose which variety of English you would like. As you can see, there are really very few differences between standard British English and standard American English. However, the largest difference is probably that of the choice of vocabulary and pronunciation.

确保拼写一致的最好方法是在文字处理器(当然是如果您正在使用计算机)上使用拼写检查,然后选择您想要的英语类型。正如你所看到的,标准的英式英语和标准的美式英语之间的差异确实很小。但是,最大的区别大概是词汇和发音。

原文到此结束了,以下是我看完这篇文章后的一些想法,或者说在我的认知范围内的理解吧。

1.作者说说的三大差异,发音差异很好理解,大家都明白。纠正口音多与人交流就好,如果身边没这样的人,其实有很多跟读纠正发音的软件我们可以使用的。我其实听不出我一些朋友的口音差异,他们也跟我说过这个问题。其实问题不大,吐字清晰,能听到你在说什么就行。有口音不是关键,关键还是词汇量多寡跟吐字清晰与否。比如东北话,四川话等我们外地人交流起来很困难吗?大部分不明白的地方是因为人家使用的词汇你不知道而已。

2.词汇差异在我学习与使用过程中我发现存在两种方式差异: 拼写和组词。作者将其分为两类,我更愿意归结为词汇的差异。

比如 color 和 colour,美式和英式就存在拼写差异。football 和 soccer 则是同一意思不同的两个组词。

对于这个问题,我刚开始也不明白。直到我使用了很多词典之后发现,有的词典会区分词汇美式和英式,会明确告诉你在两种语言中同一单词意思是不同的。比如subway 你在美国跟人说,人家以为指的是地铁。到了英国,人家听到是地下人行道。这无形当中也要求我们必须增加词汇量了,否则词汇量不够,很尴尬。词汇差异其实也不用纠结,还是那句话词汇量积累很关键。也就是在昨天10号,我问了有四五个朋友,我说你看我经常把英式英语跟美式英语混在一起使用,你们难道奇怪吗?他们的回答基本一致:这没什么,我们也经常这样。习惯就好,又不是写专业文章。我说:好吧,就好比我们逛网站时,看到好多方言词语评论,这有什么不对吗?勤用词典,就比如我学语文时买的现代汉语词典(我清楚记得60块钱一本,一个礼拜生活费才5块),上面清楚的写着如:外来词,网络等。词典是非常好的工具,找对了对你帮助很大,好的词典事半功倍。有个误区,很多学习者会找一大堆词典,最后一个也没用上或者越用越糊涂。原因太多,太杂,没有系统,词典也是一本书一本著作,也有等级和优劣之分。

3. 语法差异,我在学习过程经常会语法错误。说说我遇到过的语法问题,

一,动词时间状态和单复数形式用错,英语对时态专门有单词表达这个大家都知道。比如文中举例用的 get

二,介词用错 with, for ,in……

三,限定词用错 the ,my ……

四,连词 and , if ,as……

五,句法顺序用错。

等等一些错误,说白是因为我对英语语法认识不够。

文中提到的have 和 have got差异,我将其归类为语法差异,说白了我的理解也是三大差异(1.口音差异。2.词汇差异。3.语法差异。作者提到的拼写差异,还是词汇的范围,至于其他基本都是语法的差异了。),其实涉及的是另一个更深问题,并不仅仅理解为语法错误,have 其实是 got的同义词,have got在表达上比have更正式。另外一个就是british 有她的骄傲,自认高贵。她有自己的一套语法表达方式,或者说高贵的表达方式,她跟美国的语法表达方式是不同的。但并不代表英国人听不懂美式英语,除非是句法表达顺序出错,可能会造成一些大的理解偏差。形象的例子就是,比如咱们古代贵族的语言文言文表达习惯,是不同于咱们现在的白话(不要简单理解成粤语白话,大家说的都是白话)的,因为这是普通人的语言方式是下里巴人,而他们是阳春白雪。这也是为什么文中作者反复提及一个有趣的事,在英国这样不行在美国却可以,不止英国自认高贵,在美国人心中,英国依然是伟大而高贵的,不要奇怪,同样的一个美国人,要是操一口女王英语,那下意识会被人认为这个人不简单,肯定出生很好。简单一句话强行解释的话就是:英国啥都好。这也不难理解,联合国官方英语为什么是英式英语了。说到这里是想告诉大家不要太纠结美式英语和英式英语的差异,先学会任一种语法方式表达才是你要做的。

总结:

英语的关键还是词汇跟语法,中文也是。词汇量上去了,语法精深了,口音可以在你的使用环境自然而然会被慢慢纠正。过于纠结美式英式只会让你陷入泥潭。再一个关键就是选对辅助(材料,工具,引导人)

原文链接:

http://m.hujiang.com/en_yufadaquan/p1228943/

这里突然想起了,L先生的一篇好文:

《不要为了学习而学习》

非常值得一看,不应该是收藏。