食用盐里面有氯化钾安全吗（英读廊食盐到底对人体有没有危害）

【编者按】今天涉及的是我们不常遇见的化学方面的英语词汇与说法，但又很贴近生活，非常有价值，希望大家能够有所收获。

Why isn't table salt dangerous?【译】为什么食盐不危险？【单词】salt [sawlt][sɔːlt] n. 盐；盐类【单词】dangerous ['deyn-jer-uhs]['deɪndʒərəs] adj. 危险的；不安全的

【编者按】table salt一般指的是桌面上放的食盐，可以随时加进菜肴中调味，这里泛指食盐。

As far as I understand, salt is NaCl, Sodium Chloride.【译】据我所知，盐是氯化钠，钠（Sodium）与氯化物（Chloride）。【专有名词】NaCl 氯化钠，是一种无机离子化合物，NaCl是它的化学式。氯化钠是无色立方结晶或细小结晶粉末，味咸，是食盐的主要成分。【专有名词】Sodium ['soh-dee-uhm]['səʊdiəm] n. 钠，化学符号为 Na【专有名词】Chloride ['klawr-ahyd]['klɔːraɪd] n. 氯化物

Sodium explodes in water.【译】钠在水中会发生爆炸。【单词】explodes 原型：explode [ik-'splohd][ɪk'spləʊd] vi. 爆炸；激增；爆发 vt. 使爆炸

Chlorides corrode metals.【译】而氯化物会腐蚀金属。【单词】Chlorides 原型：chloride ['klawr-ahyd, -id, 'klohr-]['klɔːraɪd] n. 氯化物【单词】corrode [kuh-'rohd][kə'rəʊd] v. 腐蚀；侵蚀；损害【单词】metals 原型：metal ['met-l]['metl] n. 金属；合金

Why is salt not dangerous to eat?【译】那为什么食盐吃起来却不危险？【单词】eat [eet][iːt] v. 吃；吃饭；喝

And how are so many materials completely different when mixed with another element?【译】并且，为什么这么多的物质元素与另一种元素混合后变得完全不同呢？【单词】mixed 原型：mix [miks][mɪks] v. 混合；掺入；合成；联系；融合；介入【单词】element ['el-uh-muhnt]['elɪmənt] n. 要素；元素

You can think of chemicals in terms of energy levels.【译】你可以从能量水平来考虑化学物质。【短语】in terms of ... 依据...；按照...；在…方面；例句：In terms of money, he's quite rich, but not in terms of happiness. 就钱来说他很富有,但就幸福来说就不然了。【单词】chemicals 原型：chemical ['kem-i-kuh l]['kemɪkl] n. 药品；化学物

Some chemicals have very high energy levels.【译】有些化学物质的能量很高。

It's really easy for them to turn into other chemicals and dump that energy out.【译】它们很容易转化成其他化学物质，然后把这些能量排放出去。【短语】turn into ... 变成，进入，转到...；例句：They turn into this street. 他们转入这条街上。【单词】dump [duhmp][dʌmp] vt. 倾倒；抛弃；倾销；倾卸

Some chemicals have low energy levels.【译】有些化学物质的能量很低。

If you want to change them into other chemicals you need to add a bunch of energy.【译】如果你想把它们变成其他的化学物质，你需要增加一大堆能量。【单词】bunch [buhnch][bʌntʃ] n. 串；束；一群；捆

Sodium and chlorides have tons of energy.【译】钠和氯化物都蕴含很多的能量。【单词】tons 原型：ton [tuhn][tʌn] n. 吨；<口>大量

They have so much energy that if you put them near the right other chemicals they'll just release the energy and turn into other stuff.【译】它们具有如此多的能量，如果你把它们放在合适的其他化学物质附近，它们就会释放出能量，并变成其他物质。【单词】release [ri-'lees][rɪ'liːs] n. 释放【单词】stuff [stuhf][stʌf] n. 东西；原料；材料 n. 素质；本质

Sodium Chloride, on the other hand, has very little energy.【译】而另一边，氯化钠几乎没有什么能量。【短语】on the other hand 另一方面；例句：On one hand I have to work; on the other hand I have many visitors to see. 一方面我必须工作; 另一方面我有许多来宾要照看。

If you want to separate it into Sodium and Chloride you need to add a whole bunch of energy to it.【译】如果你想把它分解成钠和氯，你需要给它加上一大堆能量。【单词】separate ['sep-uh-reyt]['sepərət] v. 分开；隔开；脱离

So if you just eat salt, not much happens.【译】所以，如果你只吃食盐，不会发生什么事。【单词】happens 原型：happen ['hap-uhn]['hæpən] vi. 发生；碰巧；出现；偶遇

But if you eat sodium you'll get a literal explosion of flavor (and possibly death).【译】但如果你吃了钠，你恐怕是吃了一个会爆炸的调味品（甚至很可能会因此致死）。【单词】literal ['lit-er-uhl]['lɪtərəl] adj. 逐字的；字面上的；文字的；这里是指“绝对是……”，“相当于是……”【单词】explosion [ik-'sploh-zhuhn][ɪk'spləʊʒn] n. 爆炸；爆炸声；激增；爆发【单词】flavor ['fley-ver]['fleɪvə] n. 风味；特殊的滋味；风格；调味品 vt. 加调料于...；给...添加情趣【单词】possibly ['pos-uh-blee]['pɒsəbli] adv. 可能地；也许

Carbon is this harsh black substance, right?【译】碳就是一种粗糙黑色的物质，对吧？【单词】Carbon 原型：carbon ['kahr-buhn]['kɑːbən] n. 碳【单词】harsh [hahrsh][hɑːʃ] adj. 粗糙的；严厉的【单词】substance ['suhb-stuhns]['sʌbstəns] n. 实质；物质

Oxygen is a gas and so is hydrogen.【译】氧是气体，氢也是。【单词】Oxygen 原型：oxygen ['ok-si-juhn]['ɒksɪdʒən] n. 氧；氧气【单词】gas [gas][ɡæs] n. 气体【单词】hydrogen ['hahy-druh-juhn]['haɪdrədʒən] n. 氢

Yet sugar is made of all three of those elements!【译】然而糖是由这三种元素组成的！【单词】sugar ['shoo g-er]['ʃʊɡə] n. 糖，食糖

【编者按】糖是一种比较稳定的物质，这里想说明的是，糖其实是由三种不稳定的物质结合而成的。注意，这里所说的“结合”，并不是简单的物理上的混合，而是进行了化学反应，同时也产生了能量的释放或吸收。

【编者按】如果想看更深入一点的，请继续，鼓励！

At root is the concept of chemistry, chemical bonds that drastically change how those substances behave.【译】这从本质上说是化学的概念，（从这些物质化学反应而来的）化合物会彻底改变这些物质的行为。【单词】root [root, roo t][ruːt] n. 根；根源；根本【单词】concept ['kon-sept]['kɒnsept] n. 观念；概念；想法【单词】chemistry ['kem-uh-stree]['kemɪstri] n. 化学【单词】chemical ['kem-i-kuh l]['kemɪkl] adj. 化学的 n. 药品；化学物【单词】bonds 原型：bond [bond][bɒnd] n. 结合；联系；黏合剂

【词组】chemical bonds 化合物【单词】drastically ['dras-tik]['drɑːstɪkli] adv. 大幅度地；彻底地【单词】substances 原型：substance ['suhb-stuhns]['sʌbstəns] n. 实质；物质；财产；内容；重要性【单词】behave [bih-'heyv][bɪ'heɪv] v. 表现；行为；举止

They're not just mixed together, they're bonded (ionically).【译】它们不只是混合在一起，而是通过离子键结合的。

【单词】ionically 副词，指化学中通过离子键结合

The chemistry/behavior of a compound can completely change when you add or remove an electron.【译】当你添加或移除一个电子时，化合物的化学性质/行为会完全改变。【单词】compound ['kom-pound]['kɒmpaʊnd] n. 化合物；复合词；复合物【单词】completely [kuhm-'pleet][kəm'pliːtli] adv. 完全地；十分地；全然【单词】remove [ri-'moov][rɪ'muːv] v. 消除；脱掉【单词】electron [ih-'lek-tron][ɪ'lektrɒn] n. 电子

In table salt, sodium has given chlorine an electron, so sodium is missing one (so positive charge) and chlorine has an extra one (so negative charge).【译】在食盐中，钠给了氯一个电子，所以钠少了一个（所以带正电荷），氯有一个额外的电子（所以是负电荷）。【单词】positive ['poz-i-tiv]['pɒzətɪv] adj.正数的；阳性的【单词】extra ['ek-struh]['ekstrə] adj. 额外的 n. 额外之物【单词】negative ['neg-uh-tiv]['neɡətɪv] adj. 负面的；负的；阴性的

Opposite charges attract which is why the positive sodium and negative chlorine attract to form a solid.【译】相反的电荷吸引，这就是为什么正钠和负氯吸引形成固体。【单词】Opposite 原型：opposite ['op-uh-zit, -sit]['ɒpəzɪt] adj. 相反的；对面的；对立的【单词】attract [uh-'trakt][ə'trækt] v. 吸引；引来【单词】solid ['sol-id]['sɒlɪd] n. 固体

But the key is that since they have different numbers of electrons now, they behave differently.【译】但关键是，由于它们现在有了不同数量的电子，它们的行为因此也变得不同。【单词】differently ['dif-er-uhnt-lee, 'dif-ruhnt‐]['dɪfrəntli] adv. 不同地

Table salt is a stable compound exactly because the elements are so reactive.【译】食盐是一种稳定的化合物，正是因为这些元素非常活泼。【单词】stable ['stey-buhl]['steɪbl] adj. 稳定的；安定的；可靠的【单词】exactly [ig-'zakt-lee][ɪɡ'zæktli] adv. 精确地；确切地；完全地；严密地；正是【单词】reactive [ree-'ak-tiv][ri'æktɪv] adj. 反应的；反作用的；活性的

This means that when Na reacts with Cl to create salt, there is energy release in the reaction.【译】这意味着当Na与Cl反应生成盐时，反应中有能量释放。【单词】reacts 原型：react [ree-'akt][ri'ækt] v. 反应【单词】create [kree-'eyt][kri'eɪt] v. 创造；造成【单词】reaction [ree-'ak-shuh n][ri'ækʃn] n. 反应；生理反应；化学反应

Which means that energy is required to unbind them later, making the substance stable.【译】这意味着需要能量来解除它们的束缚，使物质稳定。【单词】required 原型：require [ri-'kwahyuhr][rɪ'kwaɪə] v. 要求；需要；命令；规定【单词】unbind [uhn-'bahynd]['ʌn'baɪnd] v. 解开；释放

Same is true about water (which is very stable and comes from potentially explosive oxidation of hydrogen) and nitrogen (elemental nitrogen is actually 2 atoms bound together very strongly.【译】水（非常稳定，来自氢的潜在爆炸性氧化）和氮（元素氮实际上是两个原子紧密结合在一起）也是如此。【单词】potentially [puh-'ten-shuh-lee][pə'tenʃəli] adv. 潜在地【单词】explosive [ik-'sploh-siv][ɪk'spləʊsɪv] adj. 爆炸(性)的【单词】oxidation [ok-si-'dey-shuhn][ˌɒksɪ'deɪʃn] n. 氧化（反应）【单词】nitrogen ['nahy-truh-juhn]['naɪtrədʒən] n. 氮【单词】elemental [el-uh-'men-tl][ˌelɪ'mentl] adj. 元素的；自然力的；基本的【单词】atoms 原型：atom ['at-uhm]['ætəm] n. 原子；微粒【单词】bound 原型：bind [bahynd][baɪnd] v. 捆绑；约束

Many explosive materials are nitrogen compounds with single N atoms which combine together during the explosion and release energy).【译】许多爆炸材料是由单个N原子组成的氮化合物，它们在爆炸过程中结合在一起并释放能量）。【单词】combine [verb kuhm-'bahyn; noun 'kom-bahyn][kəm'baɪn] v. 联合；使结合；结合