剑桥大学最近发布的一项研究显示,在过去10年里,食物和饮料都变得越来越甜。
图源:healthline网站
研究人员基于全球市场销售数据,详细分析了2007至2019年间包装食品和饮料里添加糖和甜味剂的含量,结果出乎意料:全球范围内,饮料中的甜味剂人均消耗量增加了36%,包装食品中的添加糖人均消耗量增加了9%。
Using market sales data from around the globe, we looked at the quantity of added sugar and non-nutritive sweeteners sold in packaged foods and drinks from 2007 to 2019.
We found per person volumes of non-nutritive sweeteners in drinks is now 36% higher globally. Added sugars in packaged food is 9% higher.
有小伙伴可能会说,我平时不怎么吃糖,应该没什么问题吧。实际上,不管你平时偏甜口还是咸口,食物和饮料都在变得越来越甜。
Whether you’re a sweet or a savory person, chances are, in the past 10 years, your sugar consumption has increased, as a new study by Cambridge University has found that food and drinks have been getting sweeter over the last decade.
警惕“隐形”的糖
提起糖,可能首先会想到蛋糕、甜甜圈、巧克力棒等糖分大户,而更多的糖实际上以一种“隐形”的方式进入到我们的日常生活中。
许多低脂产品或者减肥餐的实际含糖量可能并不小。因为没有了脂肪,食物风味会大打折扣,商家则会选用添加糖或者人工甜味剂,让食物更好吃。
Savory foods and even foods marked as 'healthy' often contain 'hidden' sugars.
甜味剂不是糖,吃了是不是就没有风险了呢?
其实不然。这些甜味剂包括人造甜味剂,如阿斯巴甜(aspartame)和天然甜味剂,如甜菊糖(stevia),虽然不含热量,但甜味剂的摄取可能会导致一些健康问题,如糖尿病、肠道菌群紊乱。
Despite their lack of dietary energy, recent reviews suggest consuming non-nutritive sweeteners may be linked with type 2 diabetes and heart disease and can disrupt the gut microbiome.
尽管非营养性甜味剂没什么热量,但最近的研究表明,食用这些甜味剂可能与二型糖尿病和心脏病有关,并破坏肠道微生物群。
microbiome:微生物群落
非营养性甜味剂会让人越吃甜越上瘾。对孩子来说,甜味剂会塑造他们的口味偏好,很难再形成正常的饮食习惯。
And because they are sweet, ingesting non-nutritive sweeteners influences our palates and encourages us to want more sweet food. This is of particular concern for children, who are still developing their lifelong taste preferences.
非营养性甜味剂吃起来很甜,这会影响我们的味觉,并刺激人们吃更多的甜食。鉴于儿童正处于味觉偏好发育期,他们更要特别注意摄入量。
值得警惕的是,非营养甜味剂一般使用在超加工食品(ultra-processed foods)中,让这些食品变得“超级美味(hyper-palatable)”。剑桥大学这项研究指出,超加工食品会导致心脏病、二型糖尿病、癌症甚至死亡。
Eating more ultra-processed foods is linked with more heart disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer and death.
另外,“糖”不等同于蔗糖,葡萄糖、果糖、麦芽糖等也是糖。近几年,很多产品都打着“0糖、0卡、0脂”的卖点。根据《预包装食品营养标签通则》,“无糖”指每100毫升含糖量不超过0.5克,只能说含糖量比较少。
所以,如果长期吃那些打着0糖口号的食物,你可能已经正在长胖的路上。
根据《中国居民膳食指南》建议,每天摄入的添加糖,不应该超过50g,最好限制在25g以内。所以,甜食虽好,为了身体健康,适量为宜。
如何有效控糖
最后,双语君奉上一些控糖小贴士,帮助大家少吃糖,维持一个好身体。
■ 看食品标签
Ingredients are listed in order of how much exists in the product, so if sugar's near the top, that's a red flag.
食品成分表是按照含量从高到低的顺序进行排列的,如果糖处在成分表很靠前的位置,那你就要注意了!
■ 多吃高蛋白的食物
A high sugar intake has been linked to increased appetite and weight gain. Conversely, a diet low in added sugar but high in protein and fiber may have the opposite effect, reducing hunger and promoting fullness.
吃高糖食物,会导致胃口变大、体重增加。如果吃低糖、高蛋白、高纤维食物就没那么容易饿,增加饱腹感。
■ 保持充足睡眠
Lack of sleep may also affect the types of food you eat, predisposing you to choices that are higher in sugar, fat, salt, and calories .
睡眠和吃的食物种类有一定关系,如果缺乏睡眠,可能更容易选择吃糖、脂肪、盐和卡路里含量高的食物。
■ 买不加糖的食物
One strategy: buy foods labeled "no added sugar" or "unsweetened."
有一条策略就是购买那些写着“不添加糖”或者“未含糖”的食品。
You'll find unsweetened versions of these common foods in most grocery stores: soy, apple sauce, and oatmeal.
在超市里可以找到很多常见食物的无糖版替代品,例如:豆浆、苹果酱、燕麦片等。
编辑:陈月华
实习生:闫庚乾
来源:腾讯医典 帝国理工学院新闻 healthline Insider
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