本周的新闻热词有:

1. 诺奖效应推动'中医'研究

2. 京'积分落户制'征求民意

3. '参与式扶贫'让群众说话

4. 春运抢票被'验证码'难倒

5. 高校'研究生妈妈'渐流行

6. '股票发行注册制'将实施

7. 北京首启'雾霾红色预警'

8. 美国收紧入境'免签项目'

传统中医

traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)

积分落户几月份启动(积分落户制验证码)(1)

China's pharmacologist Tu Youyou received her 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine on Thursday, highlighting more attentions are paid to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) researches and its potentials.

我国药理学家屠哟哟10日被授予2015年诺贝尔奖生理学或医学奖,凸显了传统中医研究及其潜力正得到更多关注。

➤屠呦呦从传统中医古籍(ancient classic works on TCM)中汲取灵感发现的青蒿素(artemisinin)对治疗疟疾非常有效(effective to cure malaria),从而挽救了全球数百万人的生命(save the lives of millions of people)。瑞典国王10日亲自为她颁发证书和金质奖章,以及一张价值400万瑞典克朗(约300万人民币)的奖金支票。

➤屠呦呦在诺奖报告会上称,中国医药学(Chinese medicine and pharmacology)是一个伟大宝库(treasure-house),应当努力发掘,加以提高(should be explored and raised to a higher level)。传统中医在秉承古老中医药科学精髓(stick to the essence of the time-honored medical science)的同时,也应加快与现代科技和实验手段的结合(embrace modern technologies and laboratory tools)。

[相关词汇]

青蒿 sweet wormwood

中药疗法 TCM remedy

针灸 acupuncture

人参 ginseng

临床经验 experience on clinical practice

积分落户制

points-based hukou system

积分落户几月份启动(积分落户制验证码)(2)

Beijing authorities released two draft regulations on a points-based hukou (household registration) system and residential permit on Thursday to solicit public opinions.

10日,北京市政府公布了积分落户制度和居住证管理办法草案,公开征求社会意见。

➤"积分落户制"可以用a points-based hukou (household registration) system表示,指外来务工人员积分入户核准分值达到一定值后即可申请落户。

➤申请落户者需持北京居住证(have a Beijing residential permit)、不满45岁(under 45 years old)、在京连续缴纳社保7年以上(have paid social insurance in the capital for at least seven consecutive years)、符合计生政策、无犯罪记录(have no criminal record)。

➤积分落户指标体系包括合法稳定就业(stable employment)、合法稳定住所(stable residence)、教育背景(educational background)、职住区域、创新创业、纳税、信用守法等指标。

[相关词汇]

年度配额 yearly quota

六大城区 six urban districts

郊区 suburban districts

高端人群 high-end groups

低端产业 lower-end industries

参与式扶贫

participatory poverty-reduction

Participatory poverty-reduction allows poverty-stricken families to have a bigger say in how the money intended to benefit them is used. Currently it is bureaucrats at various levels that decide the distribution of funds while the voices of those needing help are ignored.

"参与式扶贫"让贫困家庭在扶贫资金的使用上有更多话语权。目前的扶贫模式还是各级官员决定资金的分配,而急需扶贫的民众的声音却被忽略。

➤贵州省2014年度审计报告(the 2014 auditing report)披露,该省20个县有7.96亿元扶贫资金(poverty reduction fund)闲置6个月以上(be left unused for over half a year),其中,1.92亿元资金闲置2年以上。种种乱象暴露出当下扶贫管理的粗放。

➤参与式扶贫,即社区主导(community-dominated)、民众参与的扶贫。通过民主选举决定什么项目更符合地方实际,扶贫资金该怎么花(how poverty reduction funds should be used)。这样的扶贫,可以让扶贫资金的分配和管理公开透明(bring their distribution and management out from behind closed doors),有助于防止其被滥用或侵占(help prevent their misappropriation and embezzlement)。

[相关词汇]

区域扶贫 regional poverty reduction

精准扶贫 targeted poverty alleviation

扶贫到户 make the poverty alleviation reach households

小康社会 well-off society

财政支持 fiscal support

验证码

verification code

积分落户几月份启动(积分落户制验证码)(3)

Growing calls are being made to create a better customer verification code for the purchase of railway ticket online, as many are concerned about the current system leading up to the Spring Festival buying rush.

近日,为网购火车票的用户提供更好验证码的呼声越来越强,许多人担心目前的系统导致春节抢票高峰。

➤为了防止抢票插件(ticket-buying plug-in)的干扰,今年,12306网站再次升级,目前采用的验证系统(verification system)要求用户从8幅彩图中选出符合描述的图片(match pictures with a corresponding description)。不过,很多人表示,图形验证码种类增加了,图片像素低、不清晰(low-pixel, fuzzy images),识别起来比较困难。有些关键词还从一个变成了两个。

➤据统计,12306网站的购票验证码共有581种,按照要输入两个关键词的规则,排列组合(permutation)多达336980种。一次性输入准确的比例为8%,两次输入准确的比例为27%,三次甚至四次以上输入准确的比例为65%。如果一次性输入成功的平均用时为5秒的话,按照热门车票(popular tickets)"秒杀"(flash sale)的情况计算,每输错一次验证码,就意味着当次购票成功率下降80%左右。

➤此外,为防止黄牛党(scalpers)囤票抢票(snap up quantities of tickets),再以高价转手(resell them at inflated prices),12306近日开始执行手机"双向核验"(two-factor authentication),将手机号和身份证绑定,防止身份信息被抢注,验证后可以用手机号登录。

[相关词汇]

春运 Spring Festival travel rush

实名购票 real-name ticket purchasing

退票 refund a ticket

车票改签 ticket changing

电话订票 telephone booking

直达列车 non-stop train

特快列车 express train

动车 bullet train

站票 standing-only ticket

研究生妈妈

post-graduate mothers

积分落户几月份启动(积分落户制验证码)(4)

The number of "post-graduate mothers" is rising steadily, a doctor at Beijing Normal University's school hospital said.

北京师范大学校医院一名医生表示,"研究生妈妈"的数量正在稳步上升。

➤为了在低迷的就业市场(sluggish labor market)求职时取得优势(seek advantages in job-hunting),选择在就读时怀孕生子的"研究生妈妈"越来越多。

➤如今,"打算什么时候结婚要孩子?"已成为女大学生求职时必被问到的问题(compulsory question)。为增加求职竞争力(enhance competitiveness),女研究生们会在简历上注明其"已婚已育"(married and have a child)的优势。因为雇主会考虑女性产假(maternity leave)等成本,这一招在求职中非常有效。

➤虽然已育的妈妈更好找工作,但现实中高校内产子对女生还是有很多实际困难。没有收入来源(source of income)的在校生要抚养孩子,首先要面临经济上的挑战(economic challenges)。

➤此外,目前北京的高校学生公费医疗(free medical service)并不包含生育保险(maternity insurance),非高校集体户口的外地已婚学生要办《生育服务证》,需回到户口所在地。这意味着,生孩子的医疗报销(medical expense reimbursement)、给孩子上户口(get a household registration)都要来回折腾。

[相关词汇]

自由职业者 freelancer

自主创业 self-employment

就业压力 employment pressure

隐性就业 unregistered employment

毕剩客 unemployed graduates

就业歧视 employment discrimination

就业前景 job prospects

被就业 be said to have found jobs

股票发行注册制

registration-based IPO mechanism

An executive meeting of the State Council on Wednesday discussed a draft seeking authorization from the top legislature to implement registration-based IPO mechanism at the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange.

9日召开的国务院常务会议讨论了在上海证券交易所、深圳证券交易所实行股票公开发行注册制的草案,草案有待全国人大授权。

➤所谓注册制,主要是指发行人申请发行股票时,必须依法将公开的各种资料完全准确地向证券监管机构申报。证券监管机构的职责是(be responsible for)对申报文件的全面性、准确性、真实性和及时性作形式审查,不对发行人的资质进行实质性审核和价值判断,而将发行公司股票的良莠留给市场来决定。

➤过去20余年里,股票发行融资制度也经历了从审批制到核准制(approval-based system)的不同发展阶段。中国证监会(China Securities Regulatory Commission)表示,注册制改革是一个循序渐进的过程(take place slowly),对新股发行节奏和价格不会一下子放开(limits on the number of new shares on offer at any given time will not be deregulated immediately),不会造成新股大规模扩容(large numbers of new shares flooding the market at the same time)。

➤注册制实施后,现有在审企业排队顺序不作改变(enterprises will be listed based on their existing positions on the IPO waiting list),确保审核工作平稳有序过渡(ensure a smooth and orderly transition from the approval-based system)。待全国人大常委会授权后,有关部门(related government organs)将就新制度实施、股票上市后的监管力度(the supervision levels required after listings)制定细则(work out detailed regulations)。证监会强调,注册制改革将坚持市场导向;注册制实施后,要坚决落实以信息披露(information disclosure)为中心的监管理念。

[相关词汇]

首次公开募股 initial public offering, IPO

融资 financing

证券 security

(欧洲的)证券交易所 bourse

主板 main board

创业板,二板 second board

国际板 international board

雾霾红色预警

red alert for smog

积分落户几月份启动(积分落户制验证码)(5)

Beijing's first ever red alert for smog was lifted Thursday, as blue skies and sunshine replaced the thick haze that covered the city for days.

10日,随着持续多日的重雾霾消散,蓝天重现,阳光明媚,北京市首次雾霾红色预警解除。

➤空气重污染红色预警(red alert for heavy air pollution)是空气重污染的最高预警等级(the highest tier of the warning system)。2013年10月,我国将空气重污染预警分为蓝色、黄色、橙色、红色预警四个级别。

➤蓝色预警为空气质量指数(Air Quality Index, AQI)达到200以上,且气象预测未来1天仍将维持不利气象条件;黄色预警为AQI达到300以上,且气象预测未来1天仍将维持不利气象条件;橙色预警为AQI达到400以上,且气象预测未来1天仍将维持不利气象条件;红色预警为空气质量指数AQI达到450以上,且气象预测未来1天仍将维持不利气象条件。

➤针对此次红色预警,北京市环保局建议市民减少户外活动(reduce outdoor activities)。北京市教委要求中小学、幼儿园及校外教育机构停课(suspend classes in all elementary and middle schools, kindergartens and extracurricular training schools)。此外,北京全市范围内实施机动车单双号限行(traffic restrictions based on even- and odd-numbered license plates),公务用车(government cars)在单双号限行基础上再停驶30%;施工工地停止室外施工作业(outdoor operations of construction sites are banned)。

[相关词汇]

细微颗粒 fine particles

污染物 pollutant

空气末日 airpocalypse

首要污染源 major pollution source

空气净化器 air purifier

空气过滤口罩 air filtration face masks

免签项目

visa waiver program

The US House of Representatives on Tuesday has voted overwhelmingly in support of the Visa Waiver Program Improvement Act of 2015.

美国众议院当地时间8日以高票表决结果通过了"2015年免签项目改革法案"。

➤这项法案规定,在2011年3月1日后访问过叙利亚、伊拉克、伊朗、苏丹等国的免签国家和地区(visa waiver countries and regions)旅行者将无法获得赴美免签待遇(visa-free entry to the US),而需申请签证(apply for a visa),通过更严格的安全审查(tighter security screening)。

➤此外,参与美国免签项目(visa waiver program)的国家的公民,如果拥有伊朗、伊拉克、叙利亚与苏丹双重国籍(dual nationality),也无法参加这项计划。法案还要求所有免签国和地区今后签发带有电子芯片和旅行者生物特征信息的护照(passports with chips containing a traveler's biometric information),并呼吁这些国家与美国共享有关恐怖活动和嫌疑犯的情报(intelligence data on terror and criminal suspects)。

[相关词汇]

签证申请表格 visa application form

签证面谈 visa interview

申根签证 Schengen visa

单次/多次入境签证 single/multiple entry visa

落地签证 visa on arrival

旅游签证 tourist visa

商务签证 business visa

留学签证 study/student visa

工作签证 work visa

家属签证 dependent visa

互免签证协议 mutual visa-exemption agreement

72小时过境免签 72-hour visa-free transit

绿卡 green card

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积分落户几月份启动(积分落户制验证码)(6)

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