中考每日打卡练-短文填空题解题秘诀（附历年真题解析）
【前言】
短文填空是英语中考中一项较难拿分的题型,是考查英语阅读、词汇、语法等内容的综合性题型,对于学生的综合英语运用能力需求较高,同时也在试卷中占据较大分值。短文填空一般在一篇200~250字左右的故事性短文中挖出10个空（一般一行或一句一个空，首句不设空），要求学生通读短文，并根据上下文来补全短文，每空只能填一个单词（不能填数字）。主要考九大词类（名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、数词、介词、连词、冠词）。
该题旨在测试考生的英语阅读理解能力和简单的书面表达能力，看其是否能够运用所学过的英语知识进行简单的书面交流，从而达到既考查学生的语言基础知识，又考查他们的观察能力、联想能力以及对语言的综合运用能力。为了答好短文填空题目，我们要打好基础关。此处重点介绍在短文填空中常考的名词和动词的词形变化。
1.略读全文，掌握大意。
短文填空与完形填空一样，属于障碍性阅读，但它的难度比完形填空还要高，因为完形填空有四个备选答案，而短文填空没有提供备选答案，要求考生既能想得到答案，还要写得对单词。所以在解题时，先略读全文，对全文有个大概了解。
2.运用所学知识和技巧，逐项填空，先易后难。
3.核对答案。
（1）检查答案注意动词的时态、语态。
（2）检查名词要注意单复数。
（3）检查形容词和副词的三个级别。
（4）检查习惯用语、固定搭配等是否符合习惯。
（5）检查上下文的连贯性，以及所填词是否符合逻辑。
解题宝典 1：寻“宝”推理法
与完形填空的寻“宝”推理法一样，就是从上下文中找到相关的“宝”（信息点），通过逻辑推理，从而填出与原句意思相符单词的方法。如：
【典例】 It was a fine day last Sunday. John went to Tianlong supermarket to do some （1） alone. Because it was a little far away from his home, he （2） his car there. Soon he got there and found room for his car. He parked his car and went into the （3） to buy the things he needed. Twenty minutes later, he finished shopping. He was very happy he could （4） shopping in less than half an hour. At last he took the things slowly back to
the car park. What a good day he had!
【分析】：
(1) A. 上下寻宝：从下文可寻到“宝”：“he could finish shopping in less...”。
B．判定答案：把“宝”代入句子中，意思完整，故确定答案填shopping。
C．检查复核：shopping此处是不可数名词，不用 s。
(2) A. 上下寻宝：从下文可寻到“宝”：“Soon he got …for his car”。
B. 判定答案：经过逻辑推理，只有开车去超市，才要找停车位，故确定答案填drive。
C. 检查复核：drive是动词。上半句动词用was为过去时，所以本空也要用过去时 “drove”。
(3) A.上下寻宝：从上文可寻到“宝”：“Tianlong supermarket”。
B. 判定答案: 把“宝”代入句子中，意思完整，故确定答案填supermarket。
C. 检查复核：supermarket此处是可数名词，但此处没有复数的概念，不用 s。
【典例】 With the environment becoming worse and worse, more and more people realize the importance of protecting the environment. But there are still some people paying less （1） to it. They are still doing something harmful to the environment.Last Sunday I went to the Plant Garden to enjoy （2） . When I stepped into the gate of the garden, I felt comfortable at first because I could breathe the fresh air and enjoy the beautiful flowers and trees.
But to my （3） , I saw a man lying in a sleep net hanging （4） two trees. I thought this kind of behavior would hurt the trees. How could he make money by hurting the trees like this? Without trees, how could we get the fresh air? I don’t know how to express my anger. I think （5）is our duty to protect the environment. So something must be done to stop this kind of behavior.
【分析】：
（1）A. 寻找搭配：从空格前后我们可寻到短语搭配：“pay attention to”。
B. 判定答案：由搭配可知，此处填attention一词。
C. 检查复核：attention代入后,意思通顺,符合逻辑,且attention是不可数名词,不用 s。
（2）A. 寻找搭配：从空格前我们可寻到短语搭配：“enjoy oneself”。
B. 判定答案：由搭配可知，此处缺了oneself一词。前面是I，所以此处填myself。
C. 检查复核：myself代入后，意思通顺，符合逻辑，且myself没有词形变化。
解题宝典 2：前后关系判断法
【典例】At our school,we sometimes have a special day to help others. We call the day “Volunteer Day”. On that day, we often go to the old people’s home （1）help them do the housework. The old people were very happy（2）every year we organize this kind of activities several times.（3） we don’t do much for them, they were thankful to us. They were lonely, they needed people to visit them often and chatted with them. （4）every one can do something for the lonely old people, they will be happier.
【分析】：
(1)A. 分开关系部分或句子:从所填空句子意思,我们可将句子分两部分。第一部分"we often go to the old people’s home”。第二部分 “help them do the housework”.
B. 根据两部分之间关系，判定答案: 两部分之间是并列关系，要填and；或者第二部分 “help them do the housework”是“we often go to the oldpeople’s home”的目的。要填to。
C. 检查复核：and或to代入后，意思通顺，符合逻辑。所以此题答案可填and 或to。
(2)A. 分开关系部分或句子:从所填空句子意思,我们可将句子分两部分。第一部分“the old people were very happy”。第二部分 “every year we organize this kind of activities several times”.
B . 根据两部分之间关系，判定答案：老人们很高兴是因为每年我们有好几次组织这样的活动。所以两部分之间是因果关系，此处要填表原因的词because。
C. 检查复核：because代入后，意思通顺，符合逻辑。所以此题答案可填because。
(3) A. 分开关系部分或句子:从所填空句子意思,我们可将句子分两部分。第一部分“we don’t do much for them”。第二部分 “they were thankful to us”.
B. 根据两部分之间关系,判定答案:虽然我们为他们做的不多，但是他们对我们很感激。两部分之间是转折关系,故要填Though.
C. 检查复核:Though代入后,意思通顺,符合逻辑。所以此题答案可填Though。
(4)A. 分开关系部分或句子:从所填空句子意思,我们可将句子分两部分。第一部分“every one can do something for the lonely old people”。第二部分 “they will be happier”.
B. 根据两部分之间关系,判定答案:如果每个人都能为孤单老人做些事情,他们就会更高兴。所以两部分之间是条件关系，要填If。
C. 检查复核：If代入后，意思通顺，符合逻辑。所以此题答案可填If。
【强化练习】
(2018·黑龙江齐齐哈尔)阅读短文，根据首字母或所给词的适当形式填空，使短文语意通顺。（每小题1分，共10分）
We can’t remember (61) _______ (clear) since when we started to take our mobile phones to a dinner table. This happens a lot, especially when we eat out. Once (62) d______ come, we take out our mobile phones and take photos (63) i_________ of lifting our chopsticks. Later, we post the photos onto Weibo or Wechat, (64) ________ (wait) to be “liked”. Then we checked our mobile phones from time to time during the meal, to see (65) w________ we get “liked” or not. We just cannot leave our mobile phones for simply a meal.
Does that sound familiar to you? Do you do that often? If not, how do you feel when others do that when having dinner with you?
A recent study (66) ________ (suggest) that what we are used to doing is not that good. Spending time taking photos of food makes the food less pleasant. So, (67) w ________ not stop taking photos and just enjoy the food ahead of you?
Besides the (68) ________ (science) result, there are also some other bad influences of taking photos of food before meals. After posting the photos onto the Internet, one will be unable to control himself and check his mobile phone many times. “Does everyone accept my photos? I hope a lot of people like them!” It seems like your mobile phone secretly class your name all the time, even when you are (69) w_______ real people.
So, next time you go out to have dinner, how about not taking photos of food? Let the food be delicious as it is and share your life with others. Trust me, and it will be a (70) ________ (wonder) time.
【主旨大意】本文是一篇议论文。文中例举了当前的一种普遍现象，人们在餐桌旁不是马上就餐，不是和朋友聊聊天，而是首先拿起手机拍照发微博或微信，然后做起了“低头党”，作者认为这样严重影响就餐并建议就餐时停止拍照玩手机，而是单纯的享受美食。
61. 【答案】clearly; remember为行为动词，后用副词修饰，故把形容词clear改为副词 clearly。
62. 【答案】dishes; 由句意，一旦菜上上来了，人们开始取出手机拍照，故填dishes。
63. 【答案】instead; instead of意为“代替；而不是”，即人们开始取出手机拍照而不是拿起筷子。
64. 【答案】waiting; 由上下文，发完微博或微信后，等着被“点赞”，等待的动作之伴随而
进行的，故填现在分词。
65. 【答案】whether; 由句末or not可知此处应该填whether, 意为“…去看是否被点赞…”.
66. 【答案】suggests; A recent study为单数，故动词suggest用三单式。
67. 【答案】why; Why not 动词原形？意为“为什么不….?” 常用于提建议。
68. 【答案】scientific 此处需用形容词修饰名词result，故把名词science改为形容词 scientific。
69. 【答案】with; be with意为“和….在一起”。
70. 【答案】wonderful; 由句意：相信我，那将是一段难忘的时光。
(2017 河北)根据短文内容及所给提示，在文中的空白处填写一个正确的单词。
I'm John. I'm in Grade Eight 1. a______ Rocky Mountain High school. Every
2.M______ I go to the Buddy Club. In the club, older students help new students learn more about the school. My friend Sam is in the 3.______(ten)grade. He often listens 4. _________ (careful) to my problems. He always offers 5.________( I ) some help. He is a hero in my heart.
We have different 6.________( class) every day. On Friday afternoon, our school ends 7.________(early) than usual. My friends 8.________ I often go to the Scientific Club together. Twice 9._________ week, we write robot programmes after school. We love making things，so we practise hard each time. Our team 10.________(win) two competitions last term. We were very happy.
【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。约翰介绍了自己的丰富多彩的校园生活。
1. at；at…school意为“在学校”，故填介词at。
2. Monday; 句意:每周一,我去好友俱乐部。由大写字母M可知本空填Monday而不填morning.
3. tenth; 本题考查序数词。the tenth grade意为“十年级”。
4. carefully；本空应用副词carefully修饰动词listens。
5. me；动词offer后可以接双宾语, 即“offer sb. sth.", 所以本空填人称代词的宾格形式。
6. classes；形容词different后接可数名词复数，故本题填classes。
7. earlier; 由本空后面的than可知本空应用副词的比较级，early的比较级为earlier。
8. and; 句意：我的朋友和我经常一起去科学俱乐部。根据句意可知本空填and。
9. a/every; twice a/every week意为“一/每周两次”。
10.won; 由后面的时间状语last term可知本句应用一x过去时, 故填won。
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