ARCH comes from Greek arch "rule or government", 同义词根有来自希腊语的cracy/crat和来自拉丁语的reg.另外还有chief的意思
arch思维导图
anarchy ['ænɚki] n. 无政府状态；混乱；无秩序
☉ GRE TEM8
☉拆: an-(a-: without) arch(rule) y(n后缀, 表示state)->无统治的状态->混乱; 无政府状态
☉拓展:
anarchic [ə'nɑːkɪk] adj. 无政府的；无政府主义的；无法无天的
anarchism [ˈænərkɪzəm] n. 无政府主义
anarchist [ˈænərkɪst] n. 无政府主义者 无政府主义的
☉常用例句
Without a federal government a nation devolves into anarchy. 若没有联邦政府, 国家就会陷入无政府状态
☉词源
- anarchy (n.)
- 1530s, from French anarchie or directly from Medieval Latin anarchia, from Greek anarkhia"lack of a leader, the state of people without a government" (in Athens, used of the Year of Thirty Tyrants, 404 B.C., when there was no archon), noun of state from anarkhos "rulerless," from an-"without" (see an- (1)) arkhos "leader" (see archon).
autarchy ['ɔtɑrki] n. 专制，独裁；专制国家
☉拆: aut(auto: self) ach(rule) y -> 独裁; 专制
☉词源
- autarchy (n.)
- 1660s, "absolute sovereignty," from Greek autarkhia, from autarkhein "to be an absolute ruler," from autos "self" (see auto-) arkhein "to rule" (see archon).
autarky ['ɔtɑrki] n. 自给自足
☉拆: aut(auto: self) ark(sufficient) -> self sufficient -> 自给自足
☉词源
- autarky (n.)
- 1610s, "self-sufficiency," from Greek autarkeia "sufficiency in oneself, independence," from autarkes "self-sufficient, having enough, independent of others" (also used of countries), from autos "self" (see auto-) arkein "to ward off, keep off," also "to be strong enough, sufficient," from PIE root *ark- "to hold, contain, guard" (see arcane). From a different Greek source than autarchy, and thus the spelling. As a term in international economics, prominent late 1930s. Related: Autarkic.
monarch ['mɑnɚk] n. 君主，帝王；最高统治者
☉ CET6 TEM4 GRE TOEFL 考 研
☉拆: mon(one, alone) arch(rule)->单独治理国家->君主; 帝王
☉拓展
monarchy ['mɑnɚki] n. 君主政体；君主国；君主政治
monarchism ['mɒnəkɪz(ə)m] n. 君主主义；君主政体
monarchic [mɔ'nɑ:kik, mə-,-kəl] adj. 君主政体的；君主的；赞成君主政体的
☉词源
- monarchic (adj.)
- from Middle French monarchique, from Greek monarkhikos, from monarkhes (see monarch). Related: Monarchical (1570s).
oligarchy ['ɑlə'gɑrki] n. 寡头政治
☉ GRE
☉拆: olig(few) arch(rule) y(n表示state)->由少数人统治的状态->寡头政治; 寡头集团
☉拓展
oligarchic [,ɑlɪ'gɑrkɪk] adj. 寡头政治的；主张寡头政治的
oligarch ['ɑlə'gɑrk] n. 寡头政治执政者
☉词源
- oligarchy (n.)
- 1570s, from Middle French oligarchie (14c.), from Greek oligarkhia "government by the few," from stem of oligos "few, small, little" (see oligo-) arkhein "to rule" (see archon).
polyarchy ['pɑlɪ,ɑrki] n. 多头政治
☉拆: poly(many) arch(rule) y(n表示state)->许多人统治的状态 -> 多头政治
☉拓展
polyarchic adj 多头政治的
matriarch ['metrɪ'ɑrk] n. 女家长；女统治者；女负责人；受人尊敬的妇女
☉ TEM8 TOEFL
☉拆: matri(mother) arch(rule) -> 母权统治者 -> 女族长; 女家长
☉拓展
matriarchal ['metrɪ'ɑrkl] adj. 母系氏族的；女家长的
matriarchy ['metrɪɑrki] n. 母权制；女家长制；女族长制；母系氏族
☉词源
- matriarch (n.)
- "mother who heads a family or tribe," c. 1600, from matri- -arch, abstracted from patriarch.
patriarch ['petrɪɑrk] n. 家长；族长；元老；创始人
☉ TEM8 TOEFL
☉拆: patri(father) arch(rule)->家长; 族长; 元老;
☉拓展:
patriarchy [ˈpeɪtriɑːrki] n. 父权制；家长统治；父系社会
patriarchal [ˌpeɪtriˈɑːrkl] adj. 家长的；族长的；由族长统治的
☉词源
- patriarch (n.)
- late 12c., from Old French patriarche "one of the Old Testament fathers" (11c.) and directly from Late Latin patriarcha (Tertullian), from Greek patriarkhes "chief or head of a family," from patria "family, clan," from pater "father" (see father (n.)) arkhein "to rule" (see archon). Also used as an honorific title of certain bishops in the early Church, notably those of Antioch, Alexandria, and Rome.
archives ['a:kaivz] n. 档案，档案室；案卷（archive的复数） v. 把…收集归档；把…存档（archive的三单形式）
☉ TEM8 CET6
☉拆: arch(rule) ive(n表示thing) s(复数)->“documents belonging to rulers or government 属于统治者或政府的文件” -> 档案
☉拓展
archivist ['ɑrkɪvɪst] n. 案卷保管人；档案保管员
archival [ɑr'kaɪvl] adj. 档案的
☉词源
- archives (n.)
- c. 1600, from French archif (16c.), from Late Latin archivum (singular), from Greek ta arkheia"public records," plural of arkheion "town hall," from arkhe "government," literally "beginning, origin, first place" (see archon).
architect ['ɑrkɪtɛkt] n. 建筑师 缔造者
☉ CET6 TEM4 GRE TOEFL IELTS 考 研
☉拆: arch-(chief首要的) i tect(builder)->首席建筑师->建筑设计师
☉拓展
architecture ['ɑrkə'tɛktʃɚ] n. 建筑学；建筑风格；建筑式样
☉常用短语
the architect of one's own fortunes 自我命运的创造者
Romanesque architecture 罗马式建筑风格
☉词源
- architect (n.)
- 1550s, from Middle French architecte, from Latin architectus, from Greek arkhitekton"master builder, director of works," from arkhi- "chief" (see archon) tekton "builder, carpenter" (see texture). An Old English word for it was heahcræftiga "high-crafter."
archenemy ['ɑːtʃ'enəmɪ] n. 主要敌人，大敌；撒旦，魔王
☉拆: arch-(chief) enemy(n敌人)->主要敌人
☉词源
- archenemy (n.)
- also arch-enemy, 1540s, from arch- enemy.
archangel ['ɑrk'endʒəl] n. 大天使；天使长；第八级天使
☉拆: arch-(chief) angel(n天使)->主要天使->大天使
☉词源
- archangel (n.)
- late 12c., from Old French archangel (12c.) or directly from Late Latin archangelus, from Greek arkhangelos "chief angel," from arkh- "chief, first" (see archon) angelos (see angel). Replaced Old English heah encgel.
archbishop [,ɑrtʃ'bɪʃəp] n. 大主教；总教主
☉拆: arch-(chief) bishop(主教)->大主教
☉词源
- archbishop (n.)
- Old English ærcebiscop, from Late Latin archiepiscopus, from Greek arkhi- "chief" (see archon) episkopos "bishop," literally "overseer." Replaced earlier Old English heah biscop(see bishop). The spelling conformed to Latin from 12c.
壹 句
Sweet spring, full of sweet days and roses.美妙的春天，充满了美好的日子和芳香的玫瑰
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