中考英语词型变换大全
文/安颖/北京西城中学英语教师
一、可数名词单数变复数类
1．规则变化:
（1）一般情况加-s, 如: girls, books, pens, bags, boys, days等。
（2）以s, x, ch, sh结尾加-es, 如: buses, boxes, watches, brushes
（3）以o结尾的名词，无生命的名词多加-s，有生命的名词多加-es。
（4）以辅音字母加y结尾的名词, 变y为i加-es, 如: city→ cities, story→stories
（5）以f或fe结尾的名词变f或fe为v加-es。如: leaf→leaves, knife→knives, shelf→shelves，wife→ wives等。
2．不规则变化的名词要熟记：
man→men, woman→women, child→children,
foot→feet，tooth→teeth, mouse→mice, people→people,
sheep→ sheep, Chinese→Chinese，Japanese→Japanese，deer→deer
二、动词/名词变形容词类
1．在动词后加后缀-ful
如：care→careful ，use→useful;
thank→thankful，help→helpful;
wonder→wonderful，forget→forgetful
2．在名词后加-y
如：luck→lucky， cloud→cloudy;
wind→windy， rain→rainy;
sun→sunny, snow→snowy
noise-noisy，health→healthy
3．在名词后加-ly
如：friend→friendly，love→lovely，day→daily
4．方位名词加-ern
如：east→eastern，west→western
south→southern，north→northern
三、形容词加后缀变成名词
1．形容词加-ty变成名词
如：safe→safety，difficult→difficulty
2．形容词加-th变成名词
如：true→truth，warm→warmth，young→youth
四、形容词变副词类
形容词修饰名词、代词等作定语或表语；副词修饰动词、形容词或副词作状语。
1．一般形容词词尾加-ly变成副词，
如：slow→slowly， clear→clearly
quick→quickly， quiet→quietly
careful→carefully， sudden→suddenly
real→really， polite→politely
safe→safely， wide→widely
2．以“辅音字母 y”结尾的，要变y为i加-ly
如：easy→easily，happy→happily
heavy→heavily， lucky→luckily
busy→busily， angry→angrily;
3．以元音字母＋e结尾，去e加-ly
如：true→truly
4．以辅音字母加-le结尾，去e加-y
如：terrible→terriblypossible→possibly
5．形容词与副词同形
如：fast→fast，early→early，high→high，hard→hard
6．注意：hard作形容词时意思是“困难的；硬的；生硬的”等；作副词时意思是“努力地”。hardly是否定副词，意思是“几乎不”。
五、动词变名词类
1．动词加-er变成名词
如：work→workerfarm→farmerteach→teacher
sing→singer speak→speakerplay→player
read→reader drive→driver write→writer
ride→rider dance→dancer run→runner
win→winner cook→cooker travel→traveler
2．动词加-or 变成名词
如：visit→visitor，invent→inventor，conduct→conductor，act→ actor
六、基数词变序数词类：
主要掌握好1---12和20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90及21、22、23这几个序数词的形式：
one→first twenty→twentieth
two→ second thirty →thirtieth
three→third forty →fortieth
four→ fourth fifty →fiftieth
five → fifth sixty →sixtieth
six→ sixth seventy →seventieth
seven→ seventh eighty →eightieth
eight→ eighth ninety →ninetieth
nine→ninth
ten→ tenth
eleven→ eleventh
twelve→twelfth
twenty-one →twenty-first
twenty-two →twenty-second
twenty-three →twenty-third
七、形容词与副词的原级、比较级和最高级类
1．形容词和副词的比较级、最高级构成
部分双音节词或以形容词加-ly变成的副词和多音节词，在其前加more, most 变成比较级和最高级。
如：interesting → more interesting，→ most interesting
beautiful → more beautiful，→ most beautiful
slowly → more slowly，→ most slowly
quickly → more quickly，→ most quickly
不规则变化：
good→better→best well→better→best
many→more→most much→more→most
little→less→least
far→farther/further → farthest/furthest
ill → worse → worst
bad/badly → worse → worst
old → older/elder → oldest/eldest
2．原级： as＋adj./adv.＋ as … （肯定）
“和 ……一样……”，
not as / so＋adj./adv.＋as …（否定）
“和 ……不一样……” “…… 不如……”
八、常见的反义词：
1．动词
buy — sell take — bring
remember — forget die — live
love — hate rise — fall
ask — answer start — finish
miss — catch pull — push
go — come end — borrow
2．形容词
little — much short — tall / long
free — busy full — empty
few — many good — bad
white — black careful—careless
dead — living cheap — expensive
clean — dirty easy — difficult
wet — dry same — different
open — closed strong —weak
light— heavy
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