since后面的从句时态(since四个常用句型小结)(1)

since用在句子里表示的是主句动作从since后面表示的时间点开始到现在或说话时结束或还可能持续下去。故主句谓语多用完成时态 。如:

The have been friends since they met in Shanghai. 从他们在上海见面时起,他们就一直是朋友了。

since常用的几个句型:

1)since 过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。例如:

I have been here since 1985. 1985起,我一直在这儿。

The company has been set up since last month. 从上个月开始公司就已经成立了。

2)since 一段时间 ago。例如:

I have been here since seven months ago. 我在这儿,已经有7个月了。

3)since 从句。例如:

Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后,变化可大了。

The have been good friends since they met in the school. 从他们在学校见面时起,他们就一直是好朋友了。

4)It is 一段时间 since从句。例如:

It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. 我考上研究生有两年了。

这个句型在中学英语中经常出现。常常构成It be 段时间 since。如果主句属于现在范畴,be用一般现在时is或现在完成时has been,since引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词则用一般过去时,表示从过去某一时刻发生动作起,到现在已经有多长时间了。since之后常跟终止性动词。例如:

It is(has been) two days since they started for Shanghai. 他们动身去上海已经两天了。

It is five months since she left her family. 她离家出走已经五个月了。

如果主句属于过去范畴,be用一般过去时或过去完成时had been,since引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词则用一般过去时,或者过去完成时,表示从过去的过去某一时刻发生动作起,到过去某时已经有多长时间了。如:

It was (had been ) three years since both of them (had) departed. 那时他俩已经分别三年了。

特别注意:since之后也可跟延续性动词,但延续性动词与其本身意义恰恰相反,具有否定意味。例如:

It is four months since he smoked. 他戒烟已经四个月了。(一定不要翻译成:他吸烟已经四个月了)

如果要翻译成:他吸烟已经四个月了,可以这样说:

It is four months since he began to smoke.

It is ten years since she taught French. 她已经十年没教法语了。(不能翻译成:他教法语十年了)

如果要翻译成:他教法语十年了,可以这样说:

It is ten years since she began to teach French.

Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我们走后,变化可大了。(不能翻译成:我们来这里后,这里发生了巨大变化)

如果要翻译成:我们来这里后,这里发生了巨大变化,可以这样说:

Great changes have taken place since we came here.

,