今天详细总结让大家头疼的虚拟语气的用法。值得收藏!
一.虚拟语气用于假设
二.虚拟语气用于以as if和as though(好像)引导的方式状语从句中,表示不太符合实际的比喻
This microcomputer operates as though it had been repaired.这台微型计算机操作起来好像修理过似的。(事实上这台微型计算机操作前没有进行过修理。)
【注】在look和其他个别动词后引起的as if或as though的从句内,可以用
虚拟语气,目前有趋势,也可以用陈述语气,因为as if和as though(好像)已
衬托出虚拟语气的含义。
1.It seems as if we shall have to walk home.看来我们似乎得步行回家了。
2.It sounds as though someone is knocking at the door.听起来似乎有人在敲门。
三.虚拟语气用于以lest,for fear that和in case引导的目的状语从句中
1.He is working hard for fear that should fall behind.他工作努力,怕落在别人后面。
2.I wrote everything down lest I should it.为了怕忘记,我把毎件事都记下来了。
必须注意,上述目的状语从句内的should还可以省略,于是就以动词原形出现。
四,虚拟语气用于though(或although),evenif和eventhough引出的让
步状语从句中,表示已不把让步作为事实,却把它当作假设来用
1.Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem at once, either. 即使他在这里,他也不能立即解决这个问题。(事实上他没有在这里。)
2.Though(或Although)he blame me,yet will I trust in him.即使他责备
我,我还是依然信任他。
上句是用动词原形表示虚拟语气,借以体现不把让步当作事实。
与此同理,如果在条件从句内也采用动词原形表示虚拟语气,当然也可把条件转为假设。
例如:
If the news be true,his life is in the greatest danger.如果这消息确实,那么他的生命处于极其危险之中。(注意主词并没用虚拟语气。)
五. 虚拟语气用于表示愿望的固定句型结构中
1.You had better clear up this problem.你最好将这间题解样清楚。
2.We would like to see her.我们愿意见她。
3.He would rather you didn't do that for the time being. 他宁可让你暂时不要做那件事。
六.虚拟语气用于主句中含有建议、劝告、要求,请求、需要、愿望、命令
等词语的有关从句中,体现一种“让某人做某事”的主观意向
1.I recommended that he (should) study more English before going abroad. 我建议(让)他出国前多学点英语。(宾语从句用虚拟语气。)
2.She thinks it necessary that we should obtain experience through practice. 她认为有必要让我们通过实践取得经验。(it为形式宾语,后面从句为真正宾语,并用了虚拟语气。)
3.I agree to the proposal that we (should) put this question to the vote. 我同意这个提议——让这问题付诸表决。(同位语从句用虚拟语气。)
4.It is desired that you (should) put yourself in his position. 希望(让)你
设身处地为他想一想。(主语从句用虚拟语气。)
【注】属干本类用法的词语还有:demand,propose,command,request,insist,
suggestion,idea,order,recommendation,motion(动议),plan等。见到这些词,
后面从句用should或用动词原形,便是虚拟语气的用法了。
七.虚拟语气用于表不祝愿的祈使句中,一般用动词原形,或者may加动
词原形
May your life be long.祝(愿)君长寿!
八.虚拟语气用于表示主观揣测和婉转的语气
1.would you write a letter to him? 你要不要给他写一封信了(婉转语气。用will就不如would显得客气。)
2.May I come in?我可以进来吗?(用might比may语气委婉。)
九.虚拟语气用于it is time后的定语从句中
1.It is (high) time (that) we (should) set off.我们该动身了!
2.It is time(that )we got up.我们该起床了!(本句用一般过去时表示虚拟语气。关系副词that常省略。)
在本句型中,第2句的虚拟语气表示法比第1句用得更广泛。
十,虚拟语气用于表示惊奇、疑惑、没料到的事
1.I never thought that the problem should be so easy.我从来没想到这问题居然会如此容易。
2.We just couldn't believe that the new building should be so beautiful. 我们简直不相信新楼会这样漂亮。
【注】对过去事实表示惊奇,should后用完成式动词;对今后的事表示惊奇,则should后用一般式动词。
十一.虚拟语气用于it is important(或natural),it has been decided, I am sorry,they were disappointed等句子后面的从句中
1.It is natural that I should drop in on my teacher.自然我要顺便走访我的老师
2.I am sorry that he should be so weak.很遗憾,他身体(竟然)这样弱。
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