网络英语单词记忆(现代科技术语绝大多数由拉丁语和希腊语常用字构成)(1)

请家长朋友牢记:现代英语60%以上的单词有拉丁语和希腊语根源。在科学上,90%以上的单词源自拉丁语和希腊语。

想要孩子读懂英语原版的数学、物理、化学、生物教材,需要家长朋友尽早了解一些人类语言发展的基本常识。

首先,我们要大概了解:英语、德语、荷兰语属于印欧语系日耳曼语族西日耳曼语支。

但是,由于中古英语时期,法语是英国的官方语言,所以英语受法语的影响很深。

法语、意大利语、西班牙语、葡萄牙语、罗马尼亚语等都是同样属于印欧语的拉丁语的后代。

英语有一个很强的约定俗成:日常用语绝大多数用日耳曼语源单词,而正式场合多数用法语和拉丁语源单词。

当年古罗马帝国用武力征服希腊,但最终又被希腊文明所征服。

真正让希腊文明在欧洲乃至世界发扬光大的是罗马人。

所以,拉丁语有大量希腊语源单词。

出于对古罗马和古希腊文明的高度尊重,英语、法语、德语、意大利语、西班牙语、俄语等绝大多数西方语言都有大量源自拉丁语和希腊语的单词。

在科学技术上,绝大多数的新名词都是由拉丁语、希腊语常用构词部件(相当于汉语中的“偏旁部首”)构成。

中国孩子读懂英语原版科技著作的核心任务是认识几百个像ac-,fac-,frac-,prac-,doc-,duc-,foc-,voc-,pic-,dic-,fer,lec-,rec-, sec-, jec-,tec-,nec-,spec-,phon-,phot-,phy-,phyl-,phyt-,phen-这样的“常用字”。

事实上,我们并不需要刻意去记忆这些东西。

您需要做的是:找一本和孩子喜欢的活动有关的英语原版教材,帮助孩子通过学习里面一些介绍常识的句子记单词、学语法。

出于对孩子未来考入理想大学的考虑,特别推荐家长朋友和孩子一起利用英语原版的生物教材开始学习英语。

网络英语单词记忆(现代科技术语绝大多数由拉丁语和希腊语常用字构成)(2)

请家长朋友牢记:bi-,di-表“二”,tri-表“三”,bio-表“生命”。

【英语】biology[baɪˈɔlədʒɪ]n.1. 生物学

to study biology研究生物学

2. 生态

the biology of bacteria细菌的生态

拆解:bio log y。

请家长朋友大概了解一下词源:

biology (n.)

"the science of life and living things," 1819, from Greek bios "life, one's life, lifetime" (from PIE root *gwei- "to live;" see bio-) -logy "study of." The compound was suggested 1802 by German naturalist Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus, and introduced as a scientific term that year in French by Lamarck; the two seem to have hit upon the word independently.

请大概了解:

1、bio-源自希腊语bios,表“生命”。

2、英语至少有1981个单词用到log-。

3、这里的-y是名词后缀,经由法语源自拉丁语的-ia。对应意大利语、西班牙语的-ia,法语、德语中的-ie。

强烈建议家长朋友在认识希腊字母的基础上大概熟悉一下希腊语表“生命”的单词。

事实上,希腊语至少有2个表“生命”的单词:一个是βίος,一个是ζωή。

【希腊语】βίος n. belongings, life

【希腊语】ζωή n. being, life, living, spirit

我坚信:我们的孩子在认识bios的基础上绝对可以顺便掌握希腊语单词βίος。

不要小看这一点点收获,它会帮助我们的孩子从心理上找到自信,并快速抢占学习科技知识的制高点。

请家长朋友特别注意:现代科技文明是建立在古希腊文明的地基之上的。

网络英语单词记忆(现代科技术语绝大多数由拉丁语和希腊语常用字构成)(3)

我们大概学习一下。

【英语】A virus consists only of nucleic acid, proteins, and sometimes a membranous envelope. After infecting a host cell, it uses the host cell's molecules to make new viruses, as shown in this simplified diagram.

【汉语】病毒只由核酸、蛋白质组成,有时还由膜包膜组成。感染宿主细胞后,它利用宿主细胞的分子制造新病毒,如这张简图所示。

请家长朋友特别注意:英语、法语、德语、意大利语、西班牙语表“病毒”的单词都源自拉丁语的virus。

【英语】virus[ˈvaɪərəs]n.1. 〈医〉病毒;滤过性病原体2. 〈计〉计算机病毒

拆解:viru s。

词源:

virus (n.)

Origin and meaning of virus

late 14c., "poisonous substance" (a sense now archaic), from Latin virus "poison, sap of plants, slimy liquid, a potent juice," from Proto-Italic *weis-o-(s-) "poison," which is probably from a PIE root *ueis-, perhaps originally meaning "to melt away, to flow," used of foul or malodorous fluids, but with specialization in some languages to "poisonous fluid" (source also of Sanskrit visam "venom, poison," visah "poisonous;" Avestan vish- "poison;" Latin viscum "sticky substance, birdlime;" Greek ios "poison," ixos "mistletoe, birdlime;" Old Church Slavonic višnja "cherry;" Old Irish fi "poison;" Welsh gwy "poison").

The meaning "agent that causes infectious disease" emerged by 1790s gradually out of the earlier use in reference to venereal disease (by 1728); the modern scientific use dates to the 1880s. The computer sense is from 1972.

强烈建议大家先熟记vir(拉丁语,男人)再记忆viru-。

英语的consist of 表“由……组成”。

请看例句:

Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen.

水的成分是氢和氧.

【英语】consist[kənˈsist]vi.1. 由...组成, 包括(of)2. 存在于(in)3. (与...)一致; 并存, 并立(with)4. [古]生存; 共存

拆解:con sist。

请牢记:源自拉丁语的con-=com-=col-=cor=co-对应源自希腊语的syn-=sym-=syl-=sy-,表“共同,在一起”。

例句:

Substances consist of small particles called molecules.

物质是由叫做分子的微粒组成的。

【英语】membranous /ˈmembrənəs/ adj. 膜的; 膜性的; 膜状的

词源:membranous (adj.)

"having a membrane; of or like a membrane," 1590s, from French membraneux (16c.), from membrane, from Latin membrana "a skin, parchment" (see membrane). The alternative form membraneous is recorded from 1630s.

【英语】membrane[ˈmembreɪn]n.1. (身体上的)薄膜,隔膜2. 细胞膜

拆解:membr ane。

词源:

membrane (n.)

early 15c., "thin layer of skin or soft tissue of the body," a term in anatomy, from Latin membrana "a skin, membrane; parchment (skin prepared for writing)," from membrum "limb, member of the body" (see member). The etymological sense is "that which covers the members of the body."

建议先熟悉mem-表“记忆”并顺便熟悉英语单词memory(记忆),memorize(记下),remember(记起)。

【英语】member[ˈmembə]n.1. 成员; (学会)会员; 社员; [Member ] 议员2. (身体的)一部分; 部分器官3. 部分;【语】分句;【逻】推论的命题4. (政治团体的)部门, 支部5. (植物躯干的)结构单元6. 构件7. 【地质】段8. 【数】元, 项, 分子, 端, (端)边9. 【化】节, 段; (环中)原子数

词源:member (n.)

c. 1300, "body part or organ, an integral part of an animal body having a distinct function" (in plural, "the body"), from Old French membre "part, portion; topic, subject; limb, member of the body; member" (of a group, etc.)," 11c., from Latin membrum "limb, member of the body, part," probably from PIE *mems-ro, from root *mems- "flesh, meat" (source also of Sanskrit mamsam "flesh;" Greek meninx "membrane," mēros "thigh" (the "fleshy part"); Gothic mimz "flesh").

【拉丁语】membrum:membrum, membri n. n. member, limb, organ; (esp.) male genital member; apartment, room; section;

拆解:membr um。

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