#2022高考季#
一、用法
一个名词（或其它形式）对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词（或其它形式）就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格式要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容和实质的从句。1.名词作同位语
Mr Wang, my child's teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的老师，星期二要来看我们。2.短语作同位语
I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我，作为家里最大的女孩，总是要照料家中的其他孩子。3.直接引语作同位语
But now the question comes to their minds:"Did she die young because she was a clone?"但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？”4.句子作同位语
The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。
二、固定用法
同位语部分是个句子，就是同位语从句，这种用法比较"固定"。1.在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。I heard the news that our team had won.我听到了我们队获胜的消息。2.可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility，decision等。I've come from Mr wang with a message that he won't be able to see you this afternoon.我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。3.英语中引导同位语从句的词通常有连词that，whether；连接代词what，who；连接副词how，when，where等。He must answer the question whether he agrees with it or not.他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。4.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.他突然想起敌人可能已经逃出城了。
三、引导词
常用的连接词有：that，whether，why，who，where，how，when等。If一般不连接同位语从句。that，whether不作成分，whether表示“是否”，其他连接词具有实义，同时在同位语从句中作一定成分。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不省略。Eg:The report that he was going to resign was false. 他将辞职的报道是假的。wh-类引导的同位语从句Eg:The question who should do the work requires consideration. 该谁做这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。Eg:We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. 我们还没有决定到什么地方去度暑假。Eg:We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time. 我们怀疑他们是否能按时完成任务。1.that引导
that连接从句时从句为一个句意完整的陈述句。that不能省略，没有具体的意思，不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。【注意1】在某些名词（如demand，wish，suggestion，resolution等）后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.有一项建议是布朗应该离队。【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。He grabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane.他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。2.whether引导The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor.
我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。【注意】whether可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。3.连接代词引导I have no idea what size shoes she wears.
我不知道她穿几号的鞋。（what作定语）4.连接副词引导
We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。
四、可跟同位语从句的名词或短语
不是所有的名词都可以跟同位语从句，常可以被同位语从句修饰的名词有：
belief信念 doubt怀疑explanation解释 hope希望idea主意 news消息opinion观点 possibility可能性statement论断 thought想法wish愿望 truth事实fact事实 question问题promise诺言 problem问题reply答复 report报道suggestion建议 advice建议fear害怕 warning警告feeling感觉 rumor谣言 word消息with the exception……除外
Eg:The story goes that the lost child has gone abroad. 那个丢失的孩子出国了，这广为流传。
五、同位语从句的语气
在suggestion，advice，request，order，demand，requirement等意为“建议，命令，要求”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should 动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，其中的should可以省略。Eg:The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule(should) be adopted. 采纳新规则的建议是主席提出来的。
同位语从句和定语从句的区别
1.意义的不同同位语从句是用来进一步解释或补充说明前面的名词，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来。①We are glad at the news that he will come.听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。②We are glad at the news that he told us.听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。2.引导词的不同what，how，if，whatever等可引导名词性从句，但不引导定语从句。3.引导词的功能上的不同that引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作为关系代词，要么充当定语从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上that he told us中的that就充当told的宾语。4.被修饰词语的区别同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，通常有hope，wish，idea，news，fact，promise，opinion，suggestion，truth等，而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。另外，when和where引导定语从句时，通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词，而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定；又如why引导定语从句，它通常只修饰名词the reason，而它引导同位语从句时则不一定。①I have no idea when they will come.我不知道他们什么时候来。（同位语从句）②I'll never forget the days when I lived there.我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。（定语从句）③We don't understand the problem why this is the best choice.我们不明白这个问题，为什么这是最好的选择。（同位语从句）④The reason why he didn't come to the meeting is that he is ill.他未能来开会，原因是他生病了。（定语从句）一句话进行区分如果名词后的that从句是完整的，就是同位语从句；如果从句缺少主语或宾语，就是定语从句。实践出真知1) The mistake that he madehas cost great loss to the company.他犯的错误使公司损失惨重。2) It's a great mistake that he took the book without permission.他未经允许就拿走了那本书，这是一个很大的错误。3)We have to do something about the fact that the city centre is overcrowded with vehicles.我们必须对市中心车辆拥挤的情况采取些措施。4) You must find the fact that is important to your research.你必须找到对你的研究很重要的事实。1）定语从句：that指代the mistake，在从句中做make的宾语。2）同位语从句：that从句中主语是he，宾语是the book。3）同位语从句：that从句中，主语是the city centre，is overcrowded with的宾语是vehicles，是4）定语从句：that指代the fact，在从句中做主语。注意其它一些既可以连接名词性从句也可以连接定语从句的词who, when, where等也可以按照以上方法来区别：1) I’ve booked a room where they will stay when they are in Beijing.我已经订了他们来北京时住的房间。2) I have no idea where they will stay when they are in Beijing.我不知道他们来北京时会住在哪里。3) There is a question when we could find the lost boy.我们什么时候能找到那个迷路的男孩是个问题。4) There are times when you need help from others.有时候你需要别人的帮助。5) The decision who will take her place has not been made.谁来接替她还没有决定。6) The man who will take her place is still unclear.谁将接替她的人还不清楚。1)定语从句：where指代a room在从句中作地点状语（in the room）。2)同位语从句：where并非指代idea在从句中做地点状语。3)同位语从句：when不是指代question在从句中做时间状语。4)定语从句：when指代times 在从句中做时间状语。5)同位语从句：who在从句中是主语，但不是指代decision做主语。6) 定语从句：who指代the man在从句中做主语.写作句式同位语从句1. (福建高考满分作文) It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that children are the focus of families, shouldering the hope of their parents.它展示了当今一个普遍现象：孩子是家庭的中心，肩负着父母的希望。2. I strongly hold the view that measures should be taken to stop Chinese tourists (from) behaving badly in public places.我强烈认为应该采取措施阻止中国游客在公共场所的不良行为。3. (江苏高考满分作文) From what has been discussed above, we may draw the conclusion that you must have self－confidence if you want to achieve your goal.通过上面的讨论，我们可以得出结论：如果你想实现目标，你一定要自信。句式仿写1. 毫无疑问，地球正变得更加暖和，全球变暖正是人类活动所致。There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming.2. 我坚信有师生的共同努力，我们的学校在不久的将来会变成一个更加宜人的地方。I hold the firm belief that with the joint efforts of both teachers and students, our school will become a more enjoyable place in the near future.3. 我对自己承诺：今年，我高中的第一年，会有所不同。I made a promise to myself that this year, my first year in high school, would be different.
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