新概念英语第三册
Lesson 7 Mutilated ladies重点词汇语法句型分析及课文翻译
一、课文Lesson 7Mutilated ladies残钞鉴别组
Has it ever happened to you? Have you ever put your trousers in the washing machine and then remembered there was a large bank note in your back pocket? When you rescued your trousers, did you find the note was whiter than white? People who live in Britain needn't despair when they make mistakes like this (and a lot of people do)! Fortunately for them, the Bank of England has a team called Mutilated Ladies which deals with claims from people who fed their money to a machine or to their dog. Dogs, it seems, love to chew up money!A recent case concerns Jane Butlin whose fiancé, John, runs a successful furniture business. John had a very good day and put his wallet containing ￡3,000 into the microwave oven for safekeeping. Then he and Jane went horse-ridin7g. When they got home, Jane cooked their dinner in the microwave oven and without realizing it, cooked her fiancé's wallet as well. Imagine their dismay when they found a beautifully-cooked wallet and notes turned to ash! John went to see his bank manager who sent the remains of wallet and the money to the special department of the Bank of England in Newcastle: the Mutilated Ladies! They examined the remains and John got all his money back. ‘So long as there's something to identify, we will give people their money back,' said a spokeswoman for the Bank. ‘Last year, we paid ￡1.5m on 21,000 claims.'
二、重点词汇及短语New words and expression 1. Mutilate v.使残缺不全 / mutilation n.切断, 毁损。及物动词（经常用于被动语态）毁伤、残害 使残废；
a person or animal 使残缺不全；使残废；使残缺不全；
to damage sth very badly 严重损毁；毁坏
He was mutilated in the accident, and now has only one leg.
a mutilated note 一张残缺不全的钞票
You've already mutilated the novel by making such changes.
近义词辨析
Disable vt.使无能力;使残废，使伤残; 使不中用
Disabled a 丧失能力的；有残疾的；无能力的
the disabled [pl.] 残疾人；伤残者
disability N-C (身体上的)残疾，伤残，缺陷 N-UN（指状态、身心、学习等方面的）缺陷，障碍
Cripple 1 [Vt] [usually passive]使残废；使跛；使成瘸子; 使(心理上或情感上)出现问题 2[Vt]严重毁坏（或损害）to seriously damage or harm sb/sth(严重毁坏(机器);破坏(组织、体系))
现在说“瘸子;残疾人 ; N-C (心理上或情感上)有缺陷的人”用disabled person，而不说cripple。(old-fashioned or offensive)
2 chew v.咀嚼
-- A lot of young people love chewing gums.（chewing gums或者是gum口香糖）.
-- Don't bite off more than one can chew. 不要贪多嚼不烂。（贪多嚼不烂，人心不足蛇吞象，不自量力)
拓展词汇
chew the fat 聊天, 闲谈; Chewing gums 口香糖
chewed up 着急的、担心的 (形容词词组，总体是及物的)
Don’t get chewed up your examination,please.
chew up 嚼碎, 毁坏, 消耗 vt（V to damage or destroy (something) by or as by chewing or grinding）
Don't get chewed up about your examination.== Don't get worried about your examination.
chew sb out 骂，训斥，狗血喷头 scold vt. ~ sb (for sth/for doing sth)(formal) 训斥，责骂（孩子）
3. oven n.炉灶 baker固定搭配: in the same oven 处境相同
4 safekeeping n.妥善保管（keep something safe）Please keep your ID card safe. 妥善保管你的身份证。
惹麻烦： make trouble (动词) / trouble making (名词) / trouble maker 惹祸的人
collect stamps (动词) / stamp-collecting (名词)
5. dentify v.鉴定, 识别，确定;（= prove identity of sb or sth）[~ sb/sth (as sb/sth)identify sb with sth 把某人视为 to consider sb to be sth
identify sth with sth 认为某事物等同于 to consider sth to be the same as sth else
近义词辨析:
A. identify to be able to say who or what sb/sth is 指确认、认出、鉴定：He can't identify the person.B. recognize to know who sb is or what sth is when you see or hear them/it, because you have seen or heard them/it before 指认识、认出、辨别出：C. distinguish ( rather formal ) to manage to see or hear sb/sth that is not very clear （通常用于否定句）指看清、认出、听出：identity n.身份 [C, U] (abbr. ID) 身份；本身；本体 who or what sb/sth is-- So far the archeologists have been unable to discover her identity.
= So far the archeologists have been unable to identify her.
6. spokeswoman n.女发言人
spokesman n. 发言人
三、重句型语法分析
1. Has it ever happened to you? Have you ever put your trousers in the washing machine and then remembered there was a large bank note in your back pocket?这种事情在你身上出现过吗？你有没有把裤子塞洗衣机，然后又想在裤子的后兜有一张大面值的纸币？
A. happen to sb 是固定搭配，总是用 to 而不用 on，其意为“某事（多指不好的事）发生在某人身上”
Did you hear what happened to Jack last Wednesday?
If anything should happen to me, please give this letter to my wife.
其中的 sb 有时也可以换成 sth
Nobody knows what happened to the car.
I don’t know what’s happened to her playing.
近义词辨析 happen，occur，take place
三者都表示“发生”，都是不及物动词。happen指“偶然发生”时，主语为“事”；当主语是“人”时，意为“碰巧”。occur指“发生”时可与 happen 换用，但后接to sb时，两者含义不同：happen to sb． 指不好的事情发生在某人（物）身上；occur to sb． 指“某种思想等呈现于某人的知觉中”，Occur to sb to do sth 让某人想起做某事。take place 表示“发生”，可与 happen 或occur换用，但其后面一般不接 to sb．结构；指必然会发生的事情时，多用 take place；此外take place 还可表示“举行某种活动”。He happened to know the place． 他碰巧知道那个地方。
When id the earthquake occur／happen？ 地震是什么时候发生的？
Didn’t it occur to you to phone them about it？ 你难道就没想过给他们打个电话？ Has anything happened to him？ 他出什么事了吗？
In 1919, the May 4th Movement took place in China．一九一九年，中国发生了五四运动。
2. Whn you rescued your trousers, did you find the note was whiter than white?当你把裤子抢救出来时，你有没有发现那张纸币已经变得比白纸还白？Rescued vt.&n. 援救, 营救
Rescue sb/ sth from
Save 挽救生命；节约，节省 saver n 储蓄者;储户；节省的人 savior n.救星;救助者;(S-)救世主;上帝
Hundreds of people went to rescue the plane crash.
Rescue是一个语气非常重的词大词（大词小用可以加强语气）
whiter than white = damaged, mutilated
3. People who live in Britain needn't despair when they made mistakes like this (and a lot of people do)!当英国人犯这种错误时，他们不必感到绝望（而许多国家的人都有这种绝望的感觉）。needn't despair= needn’t feel despaired
despair vi & n 对…丧失信心，对…不抱希望；失望，绝望
despair of 介词用of despair of doing sth 对什么….
fall / sink into despair 陷入绝望
despair——n. 绝望；令人绝望的人或事；vi. 绝望，丧失信心。作名词时经常单独出现，与hope、progress等构成反义。
Knowing his failure, he went home with despair.
desperation——n. 绝望的境地；不顾一切拼命，常与of、in搭配。
Don’t ever put me in this desperation
despairing——adj. 感到绝望的，表现绝望的，无望的；v. 绝望；失望，
desperate——adj. （因绝望而）孤注一掷的，铤而走险的，拼命的，不顾一切的；
4. Fortunately for them, the Bank of England has a team called Mutilated Ladies which deals with claims from people who fed their money to a machine or to their dog.对英国人来说是值得庆幸，英国银行有一个残钞鉴别组，负责理那些把钱塞进机器或塞给狗的人提出的索赔要求。
1) Fortunately for them = luckily for them = happily for them
如果放在逗号前面，做句子的状语，就要用副词fortunately for them修饰整个句子，整件事
Fortunately for them，they arrived on time（幸运的是他们准时到达了）
it is fortunate for them to catch the train（他们幸运的敢上了火车）
2) 重点词汇拓展:
fortunate a 幸运的==lucky
fortunately ad 幸运地
unfortunate a 不幸的
unfortunately ad 不幸地
fortune 1、机会，运气，命运；2、大笔的钱，巨款，引申出有钱人
make a fortune 发财 marry a fortune 嫁给有钱人 fortune teller 算命先生
Team n.队, 组（= Organization n.组织, 机构, 团体）
3) called Mutilated Ladies = that called Mutilated Ladies。此处使用过去分词called作后置定语，是为了不和后面which引导的定语从句从复。
4) Clam n.(根据权利提出)要求, 索赔 Claim的本意是 声明；宣称；断言 （表示真实性）（郑重的说，负责任地说，语气较重）
make a claim for sth（damage） -- make a claim for 对（赔偿等）提出要求...
4) feed vt.vi.( fed , fed, feeding) 给吃, 喂
feed sth to… 把某物喂给…
He has a large family to feed 养活
植物：施肥 feed the plants
Feed sth to…把某物喂给 feed on sth 以…为食 feedback n. 反馈, 反馈信息
Be fed up with 烦透了，受够了。
5. A recent case concerns Jane Butlin whose fiancé, John, runs a successful furniture business.最近的一个案例与简.巴特林有关，她的未婚夫约翰拥有一家生意兴隆家具店。A. Case: 案（警方、法院） (诉讼（事件），案件，判例;) 2、例 (实例，事例;) 况 （情况，状况;）
B. concern vt.
1、涉及到，影响到，牵涉到 to affect sb; to involve sb2、 与什么有关（= be about）（be concerned with sth）3、让（某人）担忧 to worry sb；~ about/ for/ over sth/sb/ that….as far as….is concerned 至于，就….而言 等于
as to= about 至于、关于（做介词用，比较正式）
as for 至于、就….而言（引出话题，不用于文章开头）
1、as for 在语体上不如 as to 正式，并且着重话题的转换，也就是说，它所引导的是前面尚未提到过的新的事情，因此，它不能用于文章的开头。2、as to 常常与 wh-疑问词引导的动词不定式和名词从句连用，而 as for 却没有此种用法：Nobody could decide as to what to do.
have no concern with sth 和….无关
to whom it may concern 敬启者（读者身份不明）
if that concerns you I can guarantee you that…
C. fiancé 未婚夫 fiancée 未婚妻 bride 新娘 bridegroom(或groom) 新郎
father/mother/brother/sister-in-low stepfather stepdaughter
D. run 1、vt 经营、管理 2、vt&vi（使）运转，运行，操作
run a factory 开一家工厂 / run a company 开一家公司 / run the machine 操作机器
6. John ad a very good day and put his wallet containing $3,000 into the microwave oven for safekeeping.有一天约翰的生意很好，他把一只装有3,000 英镑的钱包放进微波炉内保存。Wallet containing… = wallet which contained…
contain与include
container 容器；集装箱，货柜
contain 着重指包含在内的成分
this drink doesn’t contain any alcohol
include 着重强调包含着只是整体的某一部分 eg：this price includes postage charges 包邮
hold 做容纳讲时，有能力容纳，主要指容量 eg: this bottle can hold two glasses of milk.
7. Then e and Jane went horse-riding. When they got home, Jane cooked their dinner in the microwave oven and without realizing it, cooked her fiancé's wallet as well.然后，他和简一起去骑马。回家后，简用微波炉煮了晚饭，无意中之中把她未婚夫的钱包也一起煮了。A. go horse-riding, go fishing, go hunting, go shopping, go birdwatching
B. without realizing it介词跟上介宾，不过这个介宾是动名词短语
V. as well: 也，还 （用于句末）
8. Imaginetheir dismay when they found a beautifully-cooked wallet and notes turned to ash!可以想像他们发现一只煮得很好看的钱包，钞票已化成灰时的沮丧心情。beautifull-cooked wallet 用一种讽刺的口吻, 一种幽默
turn to = turned into = become
imagine
1、想象imagine doing sth.或者 one/one's doing sth. 这里是现在分词的逻辑主语
不接不定式或不定式的复合结构，但是可以接to be/ as
2、“想，认为”时的imagine that 从句，可以否定前置
此时，作为回答，可以用so，not代替that从句
dismay vt. 使失望，使诧异、使惊愕 n. 灰心，丧气；诧异，惊愕
find的宾补、主补用法 句中的turned to是补语而不是定语
find him a completely fool, he was found a complete fool. 名词
he went to his friend’s home only to find the party over/ find them out 副词
when he woke up, he was himself in the hospital. 介词短语
They find Tom to leave home secretly. 不定式（表动作将要发生，或几乎同时发生，不强调进行）
9. John wentto see his bank manager who sent the remains of wallet and the money to the special department of the Bank of England in Newcastle: the Mutilate Ladies!约翰去找银行经理，经理把约翰的钱包和纸币的残留物送到英国银行在纽卡斯尔的一个专门部门——残钞鉴别组。Who = bank manager
（clothes contents fireworks goods remains wages 谓语动词常为复数）
remains 做单数，具体的一具遗体 做复数，遗体、遗迹或剩余物he noticed the remains of a snake which was wound round the wires.
The remains of dinner are still on the table.晚餐的剩饭菜还在桌上.
The remains of the old castle have been rebuilt.古堡的废墟已经被重建了.
goods 永远是复数，goods只有复数形式，当可数名词看待，它作主语谓语动词用复数。goods 表示“货物，商品”，既是一般用语，又是财贸用语。指销售或购入的物品，也指货车装运的货物。goods只有复数形式，前面不能加数目字，或类似的修饰语，因此不能说：two goods, many goods。只能说:1）They gave me two pieces of goods. (他们给我两件货物。)
2）They gave me two kinds of goods. (他们给了我两种货物。) 或者：
1） They gave me many pieces of goods. (他们给我许多件货物。)
2）They gave me many kinds of goods. (他们给我许多种货物。)
类似：such as不可把所有的例子全部说出来
10. They examned the remains and John got all his money back.'So long as there's something to identify, we will give people their money back,' said a spokeswoman for the Bank. 'Last year, we paid $1.5m on 21,000 claims.他们鉴定了这些残留物。约翰拿回了他损失的全部数额。“只要有东西可供识别，我们会把钱还给人家的，”银行的一位女发言人说。“去年，我们对21，000 起索赔要求支付了150万英镑。”so long as = aslong as = on condition that 只要…（表假设）主将从现
类似适用于主将从现的结构还有: suppose (that) / supposing (that) 假定 assuming that 假定 两个都是连词
provided (that) /providing (that) 假如，倘若 provided/providing 是连词注意：as long as还可以表示“既然，因为”（这时不能用so long as, 相当于since, considering that）
as long as we’ve driven so far, we might as well go on.
鉴于,就…而论 considering (that) 介词 seeing that 连词 given (that) 介词 given his age,
四、课文翻译参考
这种事在你身上出现过吗你有没有把裤子塞洗衣机，然后又想在裤子的后兜有一张大面值的纸币？当你把裤子抢救出来时，你有没有发现那张纸币已经变得比白纸还白？当英国人犯这种错误时，他们不必感到绝望（而许多国家的人都有这种绝望的感觉）。对英国人来说，值得庆幸的是英国银行有一个残钞鉴别组，负责理那些把钱塞进机器或塞给狗的人提出的索赔要求。看起来，狗很喜欢咀嚼钱币。
最近的一个案例与简.巴特林有关，她的未婚夫约翰拥有一家生意兴隆家具店。有一天约翰的生意很好，他把一只装有3,000 英镑的钱包放进微波炉内保存。然后，他和简一起去骑马。回家后，简用微波炉煮了晚饭，无意中之中把她未婚夫的钱包也一起煮了。可以想像他们发现一只煮得很好看的钱包，钞票已化成灰时的沮丧心情。约翰去找银行经理，经理把约翰的钱包和纸币的残留物送到英国银行在纽卡斯尔的一个专门部门——残钞鉴别组。他们鉴定了这些残留物。约翰拿回了他损失的全部数额。“只要有东西可供识别，我们会把钱还给人家的，”银行的一位女发言人说。“去年，我们对21，000 起索赔要求支付了150万英镑。”
,
