v.①行动，做事;②(on)起作用;③表演;④(for)代表，代替;
n.①行为，动作;②(一)幕;③法令，条例
【试题链接】 Governments throughout the world act (v.②) on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community.[2000年翻译]
【译文】 世界各国的政府的行为都基于这样一种假设，即人民的福利在很大程度上取决于社会的经济实力和国家的财富。
【试题链接】 The paid manager acting (v.④) for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away.[1996年Text3]
【译文】 代表公司进行管理的领薪经理们与工人和工人的需求形成更加直接的关系，但甚至他们也很少像正在被淘汰的旧式家族企业的家长制中的雇主那样熟悉和了解工人的情况。
【试题链接】 Some , however , are less reasonable processes of different growth in which preconception of the form scientific theory ought to take, by persons in authority, act (n.①) to alter the growth pattern of different areas.[1996年翻译]
【译文】 然而，有些发展速度存在差异的原因就不尽合理，这是因为某些权威人士对科学理论研究应该采取的方式有偏见，从而改变了不同科学领域的发展模式。
【试题链接】 The commercial TV channels — ITV and Channel 4 — were required by the Thatcher Government’s Broadcasting Act (n.③) to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs.[1996年Text2]
【译文】 按撒切尔政府广播法案的要求，商业电视频道——ITV和第四频道——正在进行商业化，彼此竞争广告业务，降低成本，裁减员工。
v.①争论，辩论;②认为，主张，论证;③说服
【试题链接】 The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing (①) about the rights of animals is fruitless.[1997年翻译]
【译文】 关键问题是：如果对人的权利没有共同认识，那么讨论动物的权利就是毫无结果的。
【试题链接】More significantly, they argue (②)that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong [2008年Text4]
【译文】 更重要的是，他们认为很多开国元勋知道奴隶制是错误的。
3、attachv.①(to)缚上，系上，贴上;②使依附，使隶属，使依恋;③附加，附带;④把～放在
【试题链接】 A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the anti-science tag has been attached (①) to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.[1998年Text3]
【译文】 1996年对新闻报道的调查表明，反科学的标签也贴在了许多其他群体身上，这些人包括从提倡消灭所有现存的天花病毒的官方人士到倡议削减基础研究基金的共和党人。
【试题链接】 They (particularly Quebec and Alberta) just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few, if any, strings attached (③).[2005年新题型]
【译文】 这些官员(尤其是魁北克省和阿伯塔省的)只希望渥太华额外拨数十亿加元的经费，而且最好不要什么附带条件。
【试题链接】 The modern school that hails technology argues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached (④) great importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.[1994年翻译]
【译文】 推崇技术的现代学派认为，像伽利略、牛顿、麦克斯韦、爱因斯坦这样的大师以及像爱迪生这样的发明家都非常重视科学实验中使用的不同技术信息和技术设施，并从中受益颇深。
v.①竞争，斗争;②坚决主张，声称，认为
【试题链接】 It is the playgoers, the RSC contends (②), who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants.[2006年Text2]
【译文】 皇家莎士比亚公司(RSC)声称是看戏的人给小镇带来了大量的税收，因为他们个晚上(有些甚至是四、五个晚上)都在旅馆和饭店消费。
5、deliverv.①交付，递送;②发表，表达，陈述;③释放;④接生
【试题链接】 Most notably, the Pointcast Network uses a screen saver to deliver (①) a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to subscribers’ computer monitors.[1999年Text2]
【译文】 最突出的例子是“定向投影”网络公司，该公司使用一种屏保系统，将大量最新的信息和广告不断地传送到用户的计算机显示器上。
【试题链接】 Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver (②) in a relaxed and unforced manner.[2002年Text1]
【译文】 (练习幽默)包括一些很随便的、看上去是即兴的话，你可以用轻松的、不做作的方式把它们说出来。
v.①免职，解雇，开除，解散;②.不理会，不考虑
【试题链接】 He dismisses (②) a lot of the work of reengineering consultants as mere rubbish —“the worst sort of ambulance-chasing.”[1998年Text2]
【译文】 他对重组顾问们所作的大量工作不屑一顾，然为那些完全是垃圾——“典型的劳而无获”。
7、engagev.①(in)从事，忙于;②(to)与……订婚;③聘用;④吸引
【试题链接】 Nevertheless Williams’s suit charged that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling” intentionally worked to “lure” him to “engage (①) in conduct against his will” well.[2006年新题型]
【译文】 然而威廉姆斯还是控告娱乐场，明知道他“不可救药地赌博上瘾”还故意“诱惑”他“违背他自己的意愿参加赌博”。
【试题链接】 The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging (③) a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.[1996年Text3]
【译文】 通过聘用大量专业人员来适应新时代的技术要求，并防止了效率的降低，而在过去这种低效率曾使得许多旧式家族企业在精力充沛的创业者之后的第二、三代手中破产倒闭。
【试题链接】 To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage (④) sympathy.[1997年翻译]
【译文】 对于大多数人来说，看见一个动物在受苦，足以引起他们同情。
v.①捏造，编造(谎言，借口等);②建造，制造
【试题链接】 63.The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating (①) their data. [2004年翻译]
【译文】 63. 这些新近被描述的语言和得到充分研究的欧洲和东南亚地区的语言往往差别显著，以至于有些学者甚至指责Boas和Sapir编造了材料。
9、importv.进口，输入;
n.①进口，输入;②[pl.]进口商品，进口物资;③重要性，含义
【试题链接】 On the other hand, oil-importing (v.) emerging economies — to which heavy industry has shifted — have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.[2002年Text3]
【译文】 另一方面，进口石油的新兴国家由于转向了重工业，消耗能量更大，因此可能会受到石油危机的强烈影响。
【试题链接】 The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import (n.①) bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP.That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980.[2002年Text3]
【译文】 国际经合组织在最近一期的《经济展望》中估计，如果油价持续一年维持在22美元左右，与1998年的13美元一桶相比，这也只会使发达国家的石油进口在支出上增加GDP的0.25%～0.5%。这还不到1974年或1980年收入减少部分的1/4。
【试题链接】 The full import (n.③) may take a while to sink in.[1997年Text1]
【译文】 该法案的重要性可能需要一段时间才能为人们所理解和接受。
v.①倾斜，屈身;②倚，靠，依赖;
a.①瘦的，无脂肪的;②精干的，效率高的;③贫瘠的
【试题链接】 They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) --lean (a.①), pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.[2006年Text2]
【译文】 他们看起来都一个样(虽然他们从各个地方而来)——瘦削、率直、专注的脸庞，穿着牛仔裤和便鞋，吃着小圆面包，在剧场外的石板上过夜，以便能买得到20张座票和80张站票，这些票都是为那些睡觉的人准备的，并且在票房第二天上午10点半开始售票时就卖给他们。
【试题链接】 Friedman relies on a lean (a.②) staff of 20 in Austin.[2003年Text1]
【译文】 弗里德曼在奥斯汀市只有20人的精干职员队伍。
11、locatev.①查找;②使……坐落于，位于
【试题链接】 Computer technology makes it possible to store vast amounts of data in machine-readable files, and to program computers to locate (①) specific information.[1995年Text3]
【译文】 计算机技术使人们可以把大量的数据储存到机器可读的文件里，还能通过计算机编程找到某一信息。
【试题链接】 65. We can see from the available statistics that _____.[1998年Text4] [B] the top 10 states in growth rate of population were all located (②) in the West
【译文】 65、从得到的统计资料，我们可以看出_____。 [B] 人口增长率排名前十位的州都位于西部地区
v.①维修，保养;②维持，保持;③坚持，主张，支持
【试题链接】 Practice (or review) tends to build and maintain (②) memory for a task or for any learned material.[1995年Text5]
【译文】 实践(或称复习)就是建立并保持对某一任务或所学材料的记忆。
【试题链接】 George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains (③) that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death.[2002年Text4]
【译文】 波士顿大学健康法律系主任乔治·安纳斯坚持认为，只要医生是出于合理的医疗目的开药，那么即使服用此药会加速病人的死亡，医生的行为也没有违法。
13、obligev.①强迫;②责成;③(使)感激，施恩于
【试题链接】 Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige (①) television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.[2005年翻译]
【译文】 另外，欧共体的融合性也会迫使电视传媒集团在节目的制作和流通中，与他人更进一步地合作。
【试题链接】 62. We are obliged (③) to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.[2004年翻译]
【译文】 62. 我们之所以感激他们(两位先驱)，是因为在此之后，这些(土著)语言中有一些已经不复存在了，这是由于说这些语言的部族或是消亡了，或是被同化而丧失了自己的本族语言。
v. ① 观察,观测,注意到,监视; ②遵守; ③评述,说
【试题链接】It should be observed(v. ①), of course, that no school, vocational or not, is helped by a confusion over its purpose.[1999年Text3]
【译文】当然应该看到的是，不管是职业学校、还是普通学校，混淆计算机教学的目的，都不会受益。
【试题链接】Good manners should be observed(v. ②) whether one eats in a restaurant or at home.(1984年改错)
【译文】一个人无论是在餐馆还是在家中就餐都应遵守良好的举止。
【试题链接】“Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s,” she observes(v. ③), “it’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.”[2008年Text 1]
【译文】“她们对于压力的承受能力有时候甚至比男性的还大”，她评述道，“只是她们需要处理的事情太多，看起来会更容易精疲力尽。”
15、suitv.①合适，适合;②相配，适应;
n.①一套西服;②诉讼
【试题链接】 The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited (v.①) for expressing joy.[2006年Text4]
【译文】 最早的艺术形式，如绘画和音乐，是最适于表达快乐的。
【试题链接】 David Williamds’s suit (n.②)should trouble this gambling nation. But don’t bet on it.[2006年新题型]
【译文】 大卫威廉姆斯的起诉或许会在这个赌博民族中引发一些问题，但是也并不能确信。
【试题链接】 Nevertheless Williams’s suit (n.②) charged that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling” intentionally worked to “lure” him to “engage in conduct against his will” well.[2006年新题型]
【译文】 然而威廉姆斯还是控告娱乐场，明知道他”不可救药地赌博上瘾“还故意”诱惑“他“违背他自己的意愿参加赌博”。
,
