【特别说明】-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。在2003年人教版高中英语课本中,用-ing形式这个名称取代了原来的现在分词和动名词。不过,在某些语法书上,仍有使用现在分词和动名词的现象。
一、-ing形式作主语
【典型考题】
________ after meals is good for your health.
A. Walking B. Walk C. To walk D. The walk
【分析】答案是A。-ing形式作主语表示经常性的行为,通常为一件已知的事或经验;不定式作主语表示某一次具体的行为,通常是一件未完成的事或目的,名词表示一个抽象的概念。比较:
Smoking is prohibited here.这里禁止抽烟。
It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。
【要点提示】
–ing形式做主语时,较少使用it做形式主语。但在下面三种结构中可以:
1. It is no use sending him over. It’s too late already. 派他去也没用,已经太晚了。(可以代替no use的词语还有dangerous,no good,no help,useless,a waste,worthwhile等)
2.There is no need spending the night here. 没必要在这儿过夜。
3. There is no joking about such matters. 这种事儿开不得玩笑。
二、-ing形式作宾语【典型考题】
There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _________ road conditions need ________.
A. that ; to be improved B. which ; to be improved
C. where ; improving D. when ; improving
【分析】答案是A。that road conditions need to be improved是a new problem的同位语。need to be improved=need improving。
【要点提示】
-ing形式做宾语的情况较为复杂:
1、avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist, suggest, understand, can't help(禁不住)等后只能用-ing形式做宾语。
2、love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, continue, intend, attempt, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, try, deserve, start等既能跟ing形式做宾语,也能跟不定式做宾语。一般地,表示习惯的、一般性的动作多跟动名词,一次性的具体的被动动作多跟不定式。比较:
I like to go with you. 我想和你一块儿去。
I like reading. 我喜欢阅读。
3、remember, forget, regret后面跟ing形式时,表示过去的动作;后面跟不定式时,表示将来的动作。比较:
I remember meeting him in the street. 我记得在街上见过他。
I remember to write a letter to my parents. 我想起来要给我父母亲写信。
4、“stop ing形式”表示停止-ing形式所表示的动作,“stop 不定式”表示停下来做不定式所表示的动作。比较:
Stop smoking, please. 请不要抽烟 。
Let's stop to have a rest. 咱们停下来休息一下吧。
5、need, want, deserve, require等做“需要”讲时,后跟-ing形式表被动意义,等于后跟不定式的被动态。
The car required repairing=The car required to be repaired.
6、decide, desire, expect, hope, mean(打算), pretend, promise, refuse, undertake, want(想要), wish, agree等只能跟不定式做宾语。
三、-ing形式作表语【典型考题】
The speech was so ______ that they were all ______.
A. inspiring; exciting B. inspiring; excited C. inspired; excite D. inspired; exciting
【分析】答案是B。意为“那演讲是如此的鼓舞人,以至于他们都很激动。”-ing形式通常用来表示某物具有某种特性,而过去分词则表示某人处于某种状态。
【要点提示】
1、ing形式做作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为。
His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。
2、表示心理状态的动词(如excite,interest等)的ing形式表示“令人激动的、令人高兴的”,若说某人(物)本身是有趣的,表示“令人……的”,则说sb./sth. is interesting.注意比较:这些词的过去分词则表示“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。若人对……感兴趣,则说somebody is interested in...即凡是表示“感到……”,都用-ed形式。
Traveling is interesting but tiring.旅行是有趣的,但是使人疲劳。
They were very excited at the news.听到这个消息,他们非常激动。
【巩固练习】
1.______the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.
A. The president will attend B. The president to attend
C. The president attended D. The president's attending
2.________ work means moving a body through a distance by a force.
A. Having done B. Done C. Doing D. Being done
3. It's no use ____ to get a bargain these days.
A. to expect B. expecting C. wanting D. you expect
4. The students stood ____, practicing ____these questions in French.
A. calm ; to ask B. still ; answering C. quiet ; to answer D. silent ; raise
5. Now every means ____prevent the water from____.
A. get used to ; polluted B. is used to ; being polluted
C. gets used to ; pollution D. are used to ; polluting
6. No one could ____to notice how unwell he was looking.
A. forget B. miss C. finish D. fail
7. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains______ whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen
KEY: 1.-5.DCBBB 6.-7. DB
本文由书生小二郎原创。小二郎在省重点高中从事英语教学20余年,所带班级高考重点率在93.5%以上,多名学生考入香港大学、北京大学、清华大学、浙江大学、北京外国语大学等名校,擅长指导学生短期内快速提高英语能力和考试成绩。关注我,我们一起思考,共同成长!
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