六选四是高考新题型，由原来的任务型阅读改革而来，分值8分，语法难度较任务型阅读有所降低，但理解难度提高。
考察方式：给出一篇缺少四个句子的短文和6个选项。要求考生根据文章内容，选出正确的句子填入
相应空白处。有两个多余选项。每个选项2分。
考纲解读：主要考察学生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。
选材特点：短文长度一般为300词左右，题材为记叙文、说明文和议论文为主。
设空类型：1.主旨句：标题类、主题句类；2.过渡性句子:文章结构；3.细节注释性句子：上下文逻辑意
义。
解题步骤：
1.通读全文，尤其是文章的开始部分，明确文章的基本话题和主要内容。
2.阅读选项，根据选项中句子的句意或者句子后面的标点符号来判断该句在文章中的可能位置。
3.仔细阅读空前空后，寻找并划出关键词。根据关键词，联系选项，基本确定需要填入句子的
内容。一旦确定一个选项，就将其做上记号，避免造成干扰。依次完成四个空。（先易后难）
4.通读填入句子后的文章，再次确认文章内容、语言、结构上是否符合逻辑。
口诀：逻辑关系前后句，词汇重合上下文；内容全归所在段，语意通顺且连贯。
专题详解
1、解题思路
高考英语新型阅读六选四题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握，并具备运用语法知识分析理解长难句的能力。可以说，此题型是对语言能力和阅读理解能力的综合测试，因此在要求上远远高于这两种题型，考生有必要对这类题型的答题思路多练习，以提高自己在这个部分的应试能力。
分析篇章结构，把握全篇文脉是阅读填空题解题的关键，英语的语篇, 通常是由句子和语段构成的，语段是句子和语篇之间的中间层次，句子虽然能够单独地表达相对完整的思想，但是它不能表达多方面的、比较复杂的思想，只有把几个句子结合为较大的言语片段，才能表达一个相对独立的层意，所谓的 "积句而成章，积章而成篇" 就是这个道理。
分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，也就是段落，另一种是分析每一个段落内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。
语篇与段落是有区别的，语段是篇章结构的中间层次，是由句子到篇的一种过渡形式，段落（paragraph）是在某些语体（如记叙文、议论文）中比语段更大的意义单位，较小的段落可以只包括一个语段或一个句子，一般来说，一个段落通常由几个语段构成。构成语段的方式有两种，一是靠句际间意义的结合，二是靠句际间的关联词，逻辑性插入语来连接，在分析语段层次时，可以借助句际间的连接词语作出判断，但最主要的还是要真正体会句际间的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次，好文章的层次非常清晰，只有层层入手，才能真正理解文章。
2. 解题步骤
1. 通读全文，对文章进行快速浏览，寻找主题句，抓住文章结构及文章的写作内容。
在阅读过程中，要注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章的首段及末段末句，因为"开门见山"与"结尾总结"的写作方式为常见的写作方式，首段的末句一般是是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式进行呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义，如果它是文章的主题句，就可以使读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开，并对文章的写作主题有了整体的了解。如果末句不是主题句，则需要继续寻找。这时，可以考虑文章的写作方式是否为"结尾总结"式，如两者均可排除，则需在文章中其他段落寻找主题句，但要注意，首段与末段的提示作用。
2. 详读段落，在短时间内，找出每段写作内容的关键词。明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。
文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落。各段落会根据整体文章写作主题展开，对文章主体进行的不同方面的描述。找出各个小段落中的关键词，明确其描述内容，为整体试题的解决做好铺垫。阅读各个空的前后句，标记关键词
在阅读文章的开始部分、明确文章的基本话题以后，要阅读五个空各自的前后句，并将前后句中的解题线索，即关键词标记下来。关键词包括句中的核心名词或名词词组（如带有形容词的名词词组）、专有名词、时间数字、代词、连词等。
重点阅读各个问题附近的句子，圈定线索词，然后从选项中寻找相关的特征词，以确定答案。做题时可以采用代入排除法。如果一题做不出或拿不准，可先放过，继续往下读，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。至此，文章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系应基本清楚了。
3. 定位选项，明确各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词语，根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中，填写时尤为注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。
在定位选项时，要特别注意空格上下段的写作内容，以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的结构和意义。将所选项放入空白处，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。
一篇文章作为一个整体，是有其写作的线索与思路的，在选项定位中，要尤其注意文章的写作线索，文章的写作思路的连贯使文章的每个段落、每个句子甚至每个短语均融为一体。如果带入选项后，发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾，应更换其它选项。
4. 通读复检，将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。
在完成选项定位后，应通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整，语义是否连贯合理、各段落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，仔细甄别，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。
5. 确定排除，研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。
尽管答案都已经确定，但是为了避免失误，对多余的选项进行进一步的研究，确定它们和文章的主题和前后句意没有关联性之后，才是最终的结果。
3. 解题技巧
技巧一：从细节逻辑上判断---因果关系
在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，明白这几句话的确切意思，然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，判断它们之间的关系来进一步确认答案。因果关系主要指前后的句子有着原因和结果之间的关系，这种关系往往说明了前因后果或者前果后因等情况。表示因果关系的连词有As a result结果------，thus/therefore因此，so (such)...如此------以至于等。
【高考例题】
Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized. Even in advanced agricultural societies. It took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities. 4 .
A. That kept cities very small.
【答案解析】4. A 空格的上一句话提到了，即使在先进的农业社会，也需要大约95个农民养活5个城市人，这只有一个结果，就是使得城市很小，与A信息呼应。
技巧二：从细节逻辑上判断---转折关系
转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。表示转折关系的连接词有：However然而, nevertheless仍然，然而，不过, nonetheless尽管如此，依然，然而, still还；然而, though可是，不过，然而, yet然而, in spite of不顾，不管, at any rate无论如何，至少, in any case无论如何，不管怎样, whoever无论是谁, whatever无论什么，on the contrary正相反, in contrast与此相反, 相比之下, by contrast相反, 相比之下, in comparison比较起来，比较地, by comparison相比之下, conversely相反(地), otherwise否则；除此以外，not---but不是-----而是，as well也等。
【高考例题1】
Don't forget to forgive yourself. 4 But it can rob you of your self-confidence if you don't do it.
E. For some people, forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge.
【答案解析】1. E 根据本段的标题为"不要忘记原谅你自己"与E项中的forgiving themselves信息一致，并且E项与后面的句子之间用but连接，有转折的语气，因此构成了一种意义上的对比关系，尤其是but这个词，更加突出了对比的意义，因此E符合这里的意义和结构。
【高考例题2】
Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want. The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services. Most businesses seek to make a profit (利润)— that is, they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business. 1
D. However, some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.
【答案解析】1. D根据前面的make a profit赚取利润，同时结合后面的Commonly called nonprofits,通常叫做非盈利商业，表明前后是对比的，因此D项中的however起到了这种转折的作用。同时根据前句中的the costs of operating the business也可以和D项中的operating costs 联系起来。
技巧三：从细节逻辑上判断---例证关系
前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言无非是思维上的形象（例子、类比等）和抽象（观点）的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）。
【高考例题】
Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want. The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services. Most businesses seek to make a profit (利润)— that is, they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business. However, some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs. Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers. 2
C. Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service agencies and may hospitals.
【答案解析】2. C根据空格前面提到了nonprofits,这与C中的对于nonprofits business进行举例说明有着密切的联系。
技巧四：从细节逻辑上判断---递进关系
递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。表示递进关系的连词有：also也, 而且, further另外(的)；, furthermore而且，此外, likewise同样地，照样地；也，又, similarly相似地，类似地, moreover而且再者，此外, in addition另外，加之, what's more更重要的是, too也，还, either也, neither两者都不, not only…but also不但…而且等。
【高考例题】Over the past two centuries, the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country. 3 . Today, instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people, one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers.
E. Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive.
【答案解析】E空格前面的一句话提到，在过去的两百多年里，工业革命打破了城乡之间的平衡。后一句话提到，现在的情况不是需要95个农民养活5个城市人了， 在美国一个农民就能养活100多个非农民，那么空格这里与F项信息，即现代化把更多的人吸引到城市里来，使得农民更加多产这一信息一致。
技巧五：从细节逻辑上判断---平列关系
表示列举关系的有：first首先, 第一, second第二, third第三…; firstly第一, 首先, secondly第二(点)；其次, thirdly第三…; first第一, next其次, then那么, 然后…; in the first place第一，首先, in the second place第二, 其次…; for one thing首先，一则, for another thing其次…; to begin with首先，第一, to conclude首先，第一等
One is the establishment (制定) of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting. 4 The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments.
E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.
【答案解析】4. E 根据上文已经提到了one和下文后面也提到了the third，因此这里是按照顺序排列，提到的应该是第二条，与E中的The second aspect相呼应。
技巧六：从词汇线索上判断---代词
英语表达中的代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。
【高考例题】
Britain was only the beginning. 2 .The process of urbanization--- the migration (迁移) of people from the countryside to the city--- was the result of modernization, which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live.
D. Soon many other industrial nations become urban societies.
【答案解析】2. D 根据文章的第一段说英国是第一个成为城市化社会的国家。第二段接着说英国仅仅是个开始，这是因为许多别的工业国家也开始效仿英国，成为社会化的社会，这里many other这个不定代词与前面的Britain呼应，因此D项为正确答案。
技巧七：从词汇线索上判断---同义词/近义词
英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义/近义词。
【高考例题1】
Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the operations of a business. 3 One is the establishment (制定) of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting.
A Planning in business management has three main aspects.
【答案解析】3. A根据空格前面的一句话提到了planning，direction和control三项技巧，同时根据空格后面的one，the third等的提示，可知这里A中的planning 与前面提到的planning是同一词。
【高考例题2】
Empathy is also an indication of a good leader. In fact, Freed says, many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers. 4 Academics are important. But if you don't have emotional (情感的) intelligence, you won't be as successful in work or in your love life," she says.
C. Good social skills—including empathy—are a kind of "emotional intelligence" that will help you succeed in many areas of life.
【答案解析】4. C 根据后面的句子中you won't be as successful in work or in your love life中的核心词successful与选项中的C句子中Good social skills—including empathy—are a kind of "emotional intelligence" that will help you succeed in many areas of life中的核心词succeed是同一个词的不同形式，因此遵循同义词的词汇线索的特点，选C。
技巧八：从词汇线索上判断---上下义词/同一范畴词
上下义词和同一范畴词就是前者包含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题。
技巧九：从试题位置上判断---问题在段首
假如问题出现在段首，它通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。另外着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段，尤其当选项是几句话时。
【高考例题】
3 Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean becoming friends again with the person who upset you
B. If you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting an awfully long time.
【答案解析】3. B 这是一道小标题的试题，位于整个段落的最前面，这样的选项，往往是对下面整个段落内容的概括和总结，反映整个段落的主旨和大意，这种试题往往需要从下面的全段中搜索核心词汇，找出做题的线索。本段指出，不要等待他人道歉。因为许多时候伤害你的人就没有打算道歉，他们也许故意想要伤害你活着和你看问题的方式不同，如果等待他人道歉，就会等相当长的时间。而B项中wait for people to apologize与本段的标题一致。
技巧十：从试题位置上判断---问题在段尾
所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。分析与前文是转折或是对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。段尾通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。
【高考例题】
In 1990, fewer than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas. Today, over 82% of Americans live in cities. Only about 2% live on farms. 3
B. The rest live in small towns.
【答案解析】3. B根据现在有超过85%的美国人住在城市里，大约有2%的人住在农场；剩下大约有16%住在别的地方，即与B项其余的住在小城镇里信息一致。
【高考例题】
Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the operations of a business. Planning in business management has three main aspects. One is the establishment (制定) of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments. The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments. Direction is concerned primarily with supervision (监管) and guidance by the management in authority. 5
D. Humans learn by example—and most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic.
【答案解析】5. D 这个选项是一个段落的结尾句，这种选项通常起着总结上文，提示下文的功能，首先根据本段的第一句话提到的三项技巧planning，direction和control和空格前面已经讨论了planning和direction，因此最后剩下的应该是control与A项中的Control includes信息一致。
练习
Are zoos bad for animals ?
Zoos have existed since ancient times and were features of the great courts of Egypt and China. The display of unusual animals form foreign countries was, for a long time, a show of wealth and power. Today, zoos focus on the preservation of animals species and the education of the public. __67___
Some animals are distinctly unsuited for life in a zoo, however noble the aims of the organization. Keeping elephant in captivity (囚禁) has long caused argument among animals rights activists. Elephant in the wild wander constantly, covering a wide territory on a daily basis. In captivity, they have no choice but to stand still for long periods of time. ___68____. Yet elephants are a threatened species in their native environments and are heavily caught for ivory(象牙)，leather and meat illegally. To protect the species form the wild due to injury or abandonment.
___69___. The chances are, if a zoo has nothing but cement floors and metal enclosures, the animals will not do as well. Many famous zoos now construct enclosures allowing animals freedom of movement and native vegetation. Some zoos have even begun housing species of animals together that normally interact in the wild, such as certain types of monkeys.
Zoos are not a perfect solution for preservation.____70___. They are undeniably helpful in repopulating declining animal species and encouraging a preservationist outlook, but they are unquestionably primary in their treatment of some animals. Hopefully, animal activists and zoo advocates will continue to work together, finding ways to create the best environment for captive animals in breeding and repopulation efforts.
A. They can be endlessly improved as we better understand how to treat animals.
B. Experts have broken fresh ground in breeding captive animals
C. Yet critics suggest that animals should not be kept in cage
D. Studies have clearly shown that captive animals will live longer and be more active kept in an
environment close to their native surroundings
E. This, therefore, puts sever pressure on the legs and feet of these giants and causes long-lasting injury
in some captive animals.
F. Evidences indicate that some animals depend greatly on surroundings.
67题可以从第二段第一句的句意得出，该句意思是有些动物天生不适合在动物园里。与第一段形成语
义上的转折关系，因此答案为C.
68题主要从该题的前面部分得出答案，前面在举例，一些适合奔跑的动物不适合在动物园里长时间站
着，显然后面应该是这样做的危害，答案为D.
69题为段首设空，这类题主要是通过阅读后文得出答案。后文主要在讲许多动物园现在设置适合动物
奔跑的环境，因此答案是D
70题主要通过后文得出答案。后文写的是动物园有利有弊，第一句写的是动物园的弊端，因此过渡句
应该是有利的方面。答案为A
强化练习
A
From earliest times,the English,for instance,have believed in certain symbols and customs that could bring good fortune as well as keep away evil spirits. 1 Below are symbols of luck from a popular culture magazine.
Wood
Back in ancient times, touching the tree was a sign of respect to the gods after a favor has been requested, or thanks to the gods for a request that had been fulfilled. 2 Even now, people still have the habit of trying to touch or knock on wood after talking bad things about other people, and so on, so that the action will get rid of any bad luck during the day.
Horseshoe
The horseshoe is considered a lucky symbol in English customs. It is similar to the other symbols associated with good fortune in other cultures such as "U". "U" shape is often said to be the symbol of fertility and also possesses power to drive away evil spirits. As they made of iron and used for horses, horseshoes are also linked to strength and power. As a result, combining all these signs of good luck, the horseshoe is regarded as a powerful device to bring fortune and keep evil spirits away. 3 However, the horseshoe must be placed in a standing "U" position so that the good fortune will be held by the household.
Coin
Coins, especially gold coins, were said to bring good fortune to the person who possessed them. Gold, like in any other culture, was always a symbol of wealth. In the past, "lucky" gold coins were turned into rings to be worn as a cure for many types of illness. Sometimes, brides put them in a shoe to ensure a good married life. The English also dropped coins into wells to make a wish in the hope that their dreams would come true. 4
A.It used to be a common belief that an old boot was a good luck charm.
B.Old boots or shoes were said to hold good spirits and courage of their owners.
C. Later, the British still held their belief that wood is holy as Christ died on a wooden cross.
D. It is usually nailed to the front door to protect the household from uninvited visitors like witches and evils.
E.Old customs seldom die, so don't be surprised because some of these customs are still practiced daily in today's society.
F.This is due to the fact that people at that time believed there were good spirits who lived in the wells, fountains or springs.
1._______ 2._______ 3._______ 4._______
参考答案：
答案及解析：
1. E 本段为全文总起段，引出下文对三个象征幸运的物品的介绍，与选项E内容相符。故B项正确。
2. C 本段简介幸运物"wood"。选项C中的Later承接前一句中的Back in ancient times,wood和wooden cross与本段主题相符，故C正确。
3. D 本段简介幸运物"Horseshoe"。最后两句介绍马蹄铁是如何当做幸运物使用的。且选项D中的household与后一句中的household相对应。故D正确。
4． F 本段简介幸运物"coin"。选项F中的wells与上一句中的wells相对应，说明英国人把硬币丢井里许愿的原因，故F正确。
A
It is simple enough to say that since books have classes -- fiction, biography, poetry -- we should separate them and take from each what it is right and what should give us. 1 Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconception when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictate to your author; try to become him. Be his fellow-worker and accomplice. 2 But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible （细微的）fineness, from the twist and turn of the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. Steep yourself in this, acquaint yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is giving you, or attempting to give you, something far more definite. The 32 chapters of a novel -- if we consider how to read a novel first -- are an attempt to make something as formed and controlled as a building: but words are more impalpable（感触不到的） than bricks; 3 . Perhaps the quickest way to understand the elements of what a novelist is doing is not to read, but to write; to make your own experiment with the dangers and difficulties of words. Recall, then, some event that has left a distinct impression on you. 4 A tree shock; an electric light danced; the tone of the talk was comic, but also tragic; a whole vision, an entire conception, seemed contained in that moment.
A.Yet few people ask from books what books can give us.
B.Reading is a longer and more complicated process than seeing.
C.How can we get the deepest and widest pleasure from what we read?
D.How at the comer of the street, perhaps, for example，did you pass two people talking?
E.But when you attempt to reconstruct it in words,you will find that it breaks into a thousand conflicting impressions.
F.If you hang back, and reserve and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read.
1._______ 2._______ 3._______ 4._______
答案及解析：
1. A 前一句说明我们应区分不同类别的书，并从中汲取它们应给予我们的养分，后一句则指出我们看书时对不同类别的书带有思维定势。前后两句联系起来说明我们看书时并不在意书实际上能给予我们什么。故A项正确。
2. F 后一句中的转折连词but和if句式说明本句应与后一句意义相反，故F正确。
3. B 选项中的reading对应前一句中的words，seeing对应前一句中的bricks。前一句将书中和建筑物进行类比，两者既有相同点也有不同点。本句是对前一句中不同点的进一步说明。故B正确。
4． D 前一句说明写作时应回忆那些给自己留下与众不同印象的事物，后一句描述的事物符合两人在街角交谈这一情境。本句和后一句以具体例子阐述前一句的内容。故D正确。
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