简介：Recordings of songbird duets reveal baby birds learn conversational turn-taking like we do: gradually, and from adults. ，接下来我们就来聊聊关于雏鸟二重唱教学?以下内容大家不妨参考一二希望能帮到您!
雏鸟二重唱教学
简介：
Recordings of songbird duets reveal baby birds learn conversational turn-taking like we do: gradually, and from adults.
鸣鸟的二重唱录音揭示了幼鸟学习对话的过程和我们是一样的：循序渐进地从大人那学会。
撰文\播音：克里斯托弗•因塔利亚塔（Christopher Intagliata）
翻译：陈美娟
审校：郭晓
The word "duet" usually refers to a song. But in a sense, every human conversation is a duet—with unwritten rulesabout whenparticipants take their turns to speak. You can hear how awkward it sounds when the rules are broken: as with the slight delay between this ABC News host and astronaut Rick Mastracchio. <<"Okay, so give us an idea of what you guys go through on a daily basis. —Long pause— Okay, well we wake up fairly early…">>
“Duet”这个词通常指一种歌唱类别。但从某种意义来说，人类的每一次对话都算是一次二重奏——当谈话者交替说话时遵循的不成文规定。当这条规则被打破时你能感到这到底有多尴尬:比如说ABC新闻主播和宇航员Rick Mastracchio谈话时的这个轻微延迟。（“好，请告诉我们你们每天都会经历些什么吧——长长的停顿——嗯，我们起得相当早……”）
That long pause? Pretty uncomfortable, especially if you're not talking to someone on the space station. We humans first get a feel for this back-and-forth rhythm when we're still babbling babies. And, it turns out, same goes for songbirds in learning their duets.
这个长长的停顿给你什么感觉？非常的不舒服，尤其是当你没有在跟太空站的人聊天的时候。我们人类早在还是咿呀学语的婴儿期，就对这种往复式的节奏有感应了。而研究发现，鸣鸟学习二重唱也是从幼鸟时期开始的。
"What you should hear is something like the whistle, <<whistle sound>> and then something like <<trill sound>> and then <<trill sound>>. Yeah, I'm not very good at doing the song but..." <<songbird duet clip>> "It seems that only one bird is singing, that's how good they are."
“你应该听到像口哨声的叫声（口哨声），然后是像啼啭的声音（啼啭声），之后是这种（啼啭声）。嗯，我不是很擅长发出这种声音，但……”（鸣鸟二重唱的片段）“听起来只有一只鸟在吟唱，你就知道它们唱得有多好了。”
Karla Rivera-Cáceres, a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Miami. She and her team recorded the formative songs of a bird called the canebrake wren, in their nests in the Costa Rican forest.
迈阿密大学的博士后Karla Rivera-Cáceres如是说。她和她的团队在哥斯达黎加丛林里的藤鹪鹩巢边记录下了它们成长期的吟唱。
Here's the same baby bird singing just two weeks earlier. Listen for it trampling on the lines of its parent, in the second half of the duet. <<poor songbird duet>> Again for reference, here's the improved version, when the bird had learned to take turns. <<songbird duet>>
Rivera-Cáceres analyzed the progress of 13 juvenile birds, and was able to determine that the youngsters didn't just naturally mature into this ability to sing a duet. They gradually picked up their dueting skills from the adults they practiced with—a trait they share with humans, in learning their species' conversational rhythms. The study is in the journal Royal Society Open Science. [Karla D. Rivera-Cáceres et al., Early development of vocal interaction rules in a duetting songbird]
这是同一只幼鸟在两周前吟唱的片段。听听它在二重唱的第二部分是如何无视父母的歌声的。（难听的鸣鸟二重唱）再提供一个参考，以下是这只鸟学会了依次交替节奏的升级版叫声。（鸣鸟二重唱）Rivera-Cáceres对13只幼鸟的学习过程进行了分析，并确定这些幼鸟们不能自然地产生吟唱二重唱的能力。它们逐步从练习的对象也就是成年鸟那里掌握了这门技能——这与人类幼时学习对话韵律类似。这项研究发布在《英国皇家学会·开放科学》杂志中。
And these findings might provide a window into our own language learning, too. "Understanding songbirds has helped us understand more about how human language is acquired, and understanding the neural machinery and the genetic machinery that controls that vocal learning. It gives us the tools to explore more how these rules are processed in the brain."
这些研究发现也许还能给我们学习的自己语言提供一种思路。“对鸣鸟的了解已经帮我们更好地了解人类是如何习得语言的，以及控制声音学习的神经和基因作用机制。这为我们提供了工具，以便进一步探索这些机理是如何在脑内运行的。
No word yet on whether it may also reveal why some humans have such trouble carrying a tune.
不过现在还不知道这是否也能揭示为何有的人难以掌握曲调。
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