一．阅读理解
A
Thanks to endless photos on social media and the wealth of information on the Internet, future people should have a clear picture of how we lived in the 21st century.
But Martine Rothblatt, a business woman from the US, wants to go a step further by digitally cloning (克隆) human minds.
These "mindclones" would have all of our thoughts, feelings, and be able to think just like us. Rothblatt imagines that mindclones will first begin as digital (数字的) assistants(助手) in our mobile devices (装置), until they become walking, talking versions (版本) of us – but these are far from reality at the moment.
Mindcloning technology is still very young, and it might be a long time before we can send our man-made selves to school so we don't have to sit through math class. However, scientists at Stanford University in the United States recently created a circuit (电路) board modeled on the human brain that could simulate(模拟) 1 million neurons (神经元) and billions of connections in the brain.
Finally, Rothblatt sees mindclones having their own rights as people, and even falling in love and getting married.
"Let's say [the ex Apple CEO] Steve Jobs meets another mindclone. They fall in
love. Mindclones are just people without bodies. Once the mindclones fall in love, they are going to get married. That's what people do," she said.
But Rothblatt's idea that the digital versions of ourselves would have the same rights as people is not shared by everyone. Some people have thought that the mind must be embedded (嵌入) in biology for it to be thought as "life", HuffPost reported.
1. According to Rothblatt, mindclones ______.
A. will finally become robots B. will be used in our mobile devices
C. will become reality soon D. have more rights than people2. What is the latest development in mindcloning technology?
A. We can send our man-made selves to school.
B. People can improve their studies by using mindclones.
C. Steve Jobs and a mindclone will get married.
D. A circuit board has been modeled after a human brain.
3. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?
A. The writer agrees with Rothblatt's idea.
B. The writer disagrees with Rothblatt's idea.
C. Not everyone agrees with Rothblatt about mindclones' rights.
D. It's meaningless to discuss the rights of "mindclones".
B
I needed to buy a digital camera, one that was just good at taking good photos, maybe sometimes for magazines. I went online, spent 15 minutes re
ading product reviews on good websites, wrote down the names of three top recommendations and headed for my nearest big friendly camera store. There in the cupboard was one of the cameras on my list. And it was on special offer. I pointed at it and asked an assistant, "Can I have one of those?" He looked perturbed (不安)."Do you want to try it first?" he said. It didn't quite sound like a question. "Do I need to?" I replied. "There's nothing wrong with it?" This made him look a bit unhappy and I started to feel bad. "No, no. But you should try it." he said. "Compare it with the others."
I looked across at the others: shelves of similar cameras along the wall, offering a wide range(范围) of slightly different prices and discounts, with each company selling a range of models based around the same basic box. With so many models to choose from, it seemed that I would have to spend hours weighing X against Y, always trying to take Z and possibly H into my choice. But when I had finished, I would still have only the same two choices that I had entered the store with: first, soon after I carried my new camera out of the shop, it would be worth half what I paid for it; and second, my wonderful camera would veryquickly be replaced by a new model.
In the end, I agreed to try the model I had chosen. The assistant seemed a nice man. So I let him take out my chosen camera from the cupboard, show how it took excellent pictures of some shoppers... and when he started to introduce the special parts, I stopped him and asked whether I needed to buy a carry-case and a memory card as well.
Why do we think that new choices still offer us anything new? Perhaps it is because they offer a chance to prevent facing the fact that our real choices in this culture are far more limited than we would like to imagine.
1. The shop assistant insisted that the writer should __________.
A. try the camera to see if there was anything wrong with it
B. compare the camera he had chosen with the others
C. get more information about different companies
D. believe him and stop asking questions
2. What does the writer mean by "it would be worth half what I paid for it"?
A. The camera would soon fall in value.B. The price of the camera was very high.
C. The quality of the camera was not good. D. He should get a 50% discount.
3. The writer decided to try the model he had chosen because he __________.
A. knew very little about it
B. didn't believe the shop assistant
C. had a special interest in taking pictures of shoppers
D. wanted to make sure the one he chose would be the best
4. It can be inferred（推断）from the passage that in the writer's opinion, __________.
A. people waste too much money on cameras
B. cameras have become an important part of our daily life
C. we don't actually need so many choices when buying a product
D. famous companies care more about the money they can make than quality
C
You think it's "cool" to carry your backpacks and head out to school. But if you don't know exactly how to choose, load, lift and wear them-these all-important accessories（配件）can be a pain in the back. Not to mention the neck, head and shoulders.
Backpacks can influence your health. Carrying a heavy load improperly can lead to poor body position; and even hurt the spinal column(脊柱）This can cause muscle strain, headaches, back, neck and arm pain.
For example, if it is carried on one shoulder; a heavy backpack forces the muscles and spine to balance the unequal weight. This may increase the possible back problems later in life.
More than 50 percent of young people suffer back pain by their teenage years. Research shows that this could be mainly caused improper use of backpacks.
Here's some advice to help you carry backpacks comfortably and safely.
Choose the right backpack. Forget leather（皮革）! It looks great, but it's far too heavy. Go for canvas（帆布）. Pick a pack that has two wide, adjustable, comfortable shoulder straps（带子）, along with a hip or waist strap, and plenty of pockets. Make sure the pack fits properly and its size is suitable for the wearer's body.
Packing it properly. Only put in the pack what is needed for that day. It's a good idea to know what each object weighs. The total weight of the filled pack should be no more than 10 to 15 percent of the wearer's own body weight. Pack heaviest objects close to the body, and place little ones outside, away from the back.
Putting the backpack on. Put the pack on a smooth surface, at waist height. Put on the pack, one shoulder at a time, then adjust（调整）the straps to fit comfortably. Remember when lifting a backpack, or anything, to lift using the arms and legs and to bend at the knees.
The right way to wear a backpack. Both shoulder straps should be used, and adjusted so that the pack fits the body, without hanging to one side. Backpacks should never be worn over just one shoulder. You should be able to move your hands between the backpack and your back. The waist strap should also be worn.
Take the above advice, and you may not complain back pain, numbness or weakness in your arms and legs any more.
1. What could mainly cause some young people to suffer back pain by their teenage years?
A. Too much homework.B. Poor treatment for backs.
C. Improper use of backpacks.D. Unhealthy sleep position
2. Which of the following does the writer suggest?
①Choose leather backpacks because it looks "cool" to go to school.
② Pick a pack that its size is suitable for the wearer's body.
③Make sure the backpack contains only what is needed for that day
④Pack heaviest objects close to the body, and place little ones outside.
⑤ Put the pack on a smooth surface, above the waist height.
A. ①②④B. ①③⑤C. ②③④D. ②③⑤
3. If a boy weighs 40kg, how heavy should his filled backpack be at most?
A. About 4kg.B. About 6kg.C. About 10kg.D. About 15kg.
4. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Some problems that teenagers face in their study at school.
B. The suitable backpack material that you should choose.
C. The good influence that backpacks have on your health
D. Some advice on how to carry backpacks comfortably and safely.
D
The human body is a machine that can raise lots of interesting questions. Why, for example, are yawns（呵欠）contagious（传染的）? What's up with ice-cream headaches? Here are answers to these and other questions about our bodies.
Why do I get a headache when I eat ice cream too quickly?
Scientists aren't exactly sure what causes the brain freeze when we eat ice cream or other super cold foods too quickly, though some believe it's the result of changed blood .flow in the nervous system. Blood vessels in the head tighten to stop the loss of body heat and then relax to let blood flow rise; that sudden rush of blood is what causes the headache. You can improve an ice-cream headache by rapidly rubbing your tongue across the roof of your mouth to help warm up things.
What causes my stomach to make a low continuous noise when I'm hungry?
Actually, your stomach makes noise whether you're hungry or full; you just hear it more clearly when you're hungry. Think of your digestive tract（消化道）as a really long tube lined with smooth muscle tissue. These muscles move food, fluids and gas through your digestive tract. ____________________________. It can make you feel embarrassed尴尬的）but is nothing to worry about.
Why do I blush when I'm embarrassed?
When you're embarrassed, your brain releases a shot of adrenaline（肾上腺素）, which makes your heart race and blood vessels become larger in size. All this happens to increase blood flow and oxygen delivery throughout the body in a fight-or-flight reaction（对抗反应）. There are a lot of tiny blood vessels in your face, which turn noticeably redder from this sudden rush of blood. As for the actual function of blushing, researchers are still trying to find that one out.
Why are yawns contagious?
Have you ever yawned in front of someone, only to have them yawn right back? It's a common thing, but researchers don't have a good explanation for it. They do, however, know this happens only with humans and chimpanzees(黑猩猩）. A bigger question puzzling scientists is why we yawn at all. It used to be thought that yawning showed that oxygen to the brain was not enough, but that's just a myth. A growing body of research now shows that yawning is nature's way of keeping our brains cool.
1. What is the meaning of the underlined word tighten?
A. 变松B. 变紧C. 变短D. 变长
2. Which of the following sentences can be filled in the blank?
A. And that's what you're hearing when your stomach makes noise.
B. And that's why you're so hungry when your stomach is empty
C. And that's what makes you feel uncomfortable when you're full.
D. And that's how it makes a difference to your digestive tract.
3. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. There is no way for you to improve an ice-cream headache.
B. Researchers have found out the actual function of blushing.
C. Your stomach makes noise only when you are hungry.
D. Researchers don't have a good explanation for why yawns are contagious.
4. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Some Interesting FactsB. Our Strange Body
C. Some Useful DiscoveriesD. Our Amazing Feelings
E
Then Alice saw a small glass table. There was a little golden key on it. She picked it and put it in all the locks on the doors but it didn't open any of them. She moved a curtain on one of the walls and discovered another door, a very small one. She put the key in the lock. It was exactly the right size! She opened the door and looked through it. At the end of a low passage she saw a beautiful garden. It was full of brightly coloured flowers and fountains.
"Oh, how beautiful! "she said. " I'd love to go there but I'm too big to get through the door. "
She walked back to the table. There was a bottle on it now.
" I'm sure that bottle wasn't there before, " she said, a little confused.
She put down the key and picked up the bottle. She read the words "DRINK ME" on it. Alice wasn't a stupid girl. She didn't drink it immediately. First she looked at the bottle carefully. There wasn't a label on it that said "POISON".
So she put the bottle to her lips and drank.
"Mmm, ifs nice, " she said. It tasted like cherry tart, pineapple, roast turkey and toast-all the things that she liked to eat-so she drank some more. And some more. Soon the bottle was empty.
"What a curious feeling," she said. "I'm getting smaller and smaller.'" It was true! She was now as small as her cat Dinah.
"Good! I can go through the door into the garden," she said. But, poor Alice! When she got to the door, she didn't have the key! It was on the table. She couldn't reach it because she was too small now. She sat down and cried.
After a while she said,"Alice! Stop crying! Crying doesn't help! Dry your tears immediately!"
When she looked at the table again, she saw a small glass box under it. She picked it up and opened it. There was a small cake inside. It had the words "EAT ME" on it. She put a small piece of it in her mouth.
"If I grow bigger I can reach the key, "she thought." And if I grow smaller I can go under the door. "
But nothing happened so she finished it.
1. From the passage we can know that _______________________.
A. at first Alice could go through the door into the garden easily
B. then Alice found there was a little golden key on a small wooden table
C. Alice was as small as her rabbit Dinah after she drank something in the bottle
D. Alice saw a small glass box with a small cake in it under the table
2. Alice did the following things in the order of ___________________.
a. She saw a beautiful garden at the end of a low passage.
b. She moved a curtain and discovered another door.
c. She put a small piece of the cake in her mouth.
d. She put the bottle to her lips and drank.
e. She cried because she couldn't reach the key.
A. a- b- c- d- eB. b- a- d- e- cC. d- a- b- e- cD. b- d- e- a- c
3. The underlined word "it" in the last paragraph refers to ______________.
A. the small boxB. the glass table
C. the small cakeD. the golden key
4. According to the passage, the best words to describe Alice are ___________________.
A. careful and braveB. curious and helpful
C. clever and friendlyD. organized and strange
F
Each year on Feb 21, UNESCO ( 联合国教科文组织) holds an International Mother Language Day (IMLD ). The event is to help people to pay attention to the disappearance of the world's languages; many of them are disappearing each year. UNESCO sees this as a terrible fact.
What happens when a language dies out? Something great is lost-not just sounds and marks but the way that people understand the world and communicate with each other. We keep different cultures and traditions through languages. Kill a language and all these are killed too.
Through IMLD, more and more people come to realize he terrible situation and try to stop it.
Google's 2018 Endangered (濒临灭绝的) Languages Project is a good example. Many speakers and protectors of endangered languages upload (上传) texts, audios and videos to the project website. They want to introduce the way that people communicate and express themselves around the world.
The Myaamia Project is the same kind of effort to revive the language spoken by the Miami tribes (部落) of the United States. Project members work to encourage people to study and communicate with this language , which died out in the 1960s. These activities give life to those endangered languages. People who work to keep Languages
alive are not limited to the past. Many young people design apps and use social media to support their activities. They "spread the word " to save the world.
So, while the problem of disappearing languages remains a very serious one, there is hope. We all have a special feeling of our mother language. This is why we should remember the wise words of late president of South Africa, Nelson Mandela: "If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to a man in his own language，that goes to his heart."
1. UNESCO holds IMLD every year in order to help people to _______________.
A. learn and use endangered languages
B. show their talents in learning languages
C. practice reading skills of mother languages
D. realize the situation of endangered languages
2. What did people do in Google's 2018 Endangered Languages Project?
A. Discuss how to make good use of Google.
B. Offer online courses on endangered languages.
C. Share materials about endangered languages online.
D. Translate endangered languages into mother languages.
3. What does the underlined word "revive" mean in Paragraph ( 段落) 4?
A. 创造B. 学习C. 复活D. 清除
4. What can we infer ( 推断) from Paragraph 5?
A. It is more difficult to protect endangered languages.
B. The disappearance of languages has already stopped.
C. Young people don't care about endangered languages.
D. Young people have creative ways to protect languages.
5. The writer mentions Nelson Mandela's words in order to __________________.
A. tell the importance of one's mother language
B. show his contributions to language protection
C. tell the trouble in learning endangered languages
D. show the possibility of protecting mother languages
二、完形填空
A
Wishing to encourage her young son's progress on the piano, a mother took her boy to a pianist's concert on a summer holiday evening. After they found their ____16____, the mother saw two friends in the hall and walked to ___17___ them.
It was the boy's first time to come to the hall. He thought it was a good ___18___ for him to explore the wonders of the concert hall. He ___19___ and walked around. He walked ___20___ a door marked "NO ADMITTANCE"(禁止入内).
When the hall lights dimmed (变暗) , the ___21___ would begin. The mother returned to her seat and discovered that her son was ___22___. The mother was ___23___ worried at that at the moment that tears were in her eyes.
The concert began, and the lights focused on the wonderful piano on stage. The mother was ___24___ to see her little boy sitting at the keyboard, playing the song Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star ___25___ he did at home.
At that moment, the great pianist came, quickly moved to the piano and ___26___ in the boy's ear, "Don't stop. Keep playing. " He leaned over and began filling in a bass part (低音) with his left ___27___, then added a running obbligato (伴奏) with his right hand. They played the piano together ___28___. The old pianist and the young novice (初学者) changed a frightening situation into a wonderful creative experience. The audience stood up and ___29___ them.
An artist's achievements and charm depend on not only his perfect skills ___30___ his good qualities.
16. A. desksB. stageC. seatsD. piano
17. A. greetB. feedC. noticeD. search
18. A. useB. chanceC. seasonD. culture
19. A. flewB. satC. fellD. rose
20. A. throughB. acrossC. aboveD. over
21. A. filmB. concertC. conversationD. meeting
22. A. sleepyB. missingC. tiredD. excited
23. A. soB. veryC. muchD. such
24. A. seriousB. sadC. patientD. surprised
25. A. whenB. ifC. asD. before
26. A. calledB. shoutedC. whisperedD. cried
27. A. handB. shoulderC. footD. leg
28. A. badlyB. carelesslyC. terriblyD. happily
29. A. fought withB. laughed atC. shouted atD. cheered for
30. A. orB. butC. andD. so
B
A zero-waste life is a lifestyle that hardly creates any rubbish. So a zero-waste theme store is about ___16___ people with a number of everyday, practical and pleasant zero-waste products to help them start on a one-stop, zero-waste life journey.
"Zero waste" or "danshari" was first ___17___ by a French woman Bea Johnson. "Live a life and try not to create any rubbish; use different methods to protect the earth." she said.
Yu Yuan, 27, is ___18___ attracted by this idea.
She and her boyfriend have lived in Beijing for many years. And earlier she used to be a customer without thinking a lot ___19___ she saw a video about "zero waste"
The ___20___ is about a family of four, and the rubbish they produce every year is placed in a jar.
After watching the video, Yu wanted to ___21___ this zero-waste lifestyle with her boyfriend.
Yu says that a zero-waste life ___22___ the 6R principle --Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Repair, Recycle and Rot(腐烂）
Over August-October when Yu followed the principle of zero waste 6R, she and her boyfriend Joe Harvey both ___23___ only two cans of rubbish.
Now, the couple have opened a small ___24___ called The Bulk House in Nanluoguxiang, Beijing, to support a zero-waste life.
At the store they use environmentally friendly products. For example, they use wood products to replace ____25____ ones and prepare cloth bags printed with zero-waste logos for customers. Most of the products sold in the store can be reused, and a small number of ____26____which are not recyclable can degrade（分解）. The store ____27____ has secondhand books and audio-visual CD/DVDs.
For used toiletries (things like soap and toothpaste that are used for cleaning yourself) there is a company which accepts them, and the couple regularly mails their waste to it.
Yu says that those who were once not ____28____ in the zero-waste lifestyle have gradually changed because of curiosity. The zero-waste lifestyle, she adds, is for everyone.
"It's ____29____ us at our fingertips." Yu expects some of her friends to ____30____ her on the road to zero waste. As the saying goes, many hands make light work.
16. A. offeringB. providingC. givingD. affording
17. A. inventedB. foundC. discoveredD. suggested
18. A. hardlyB. luckilyC. clearlyD. deeply
19. A. unlessB. untilC. afterD. when
20. A. videoB. filmC. articleD. newspaper
21. A. experienceB. changeC. representD. spend
22. A. acceptsB. receivesC. followsD. believes
23. A. savedB. producedC. keptD. wasted
24. A. shopB. factoryC. hotelD. company
25. A. paperB. clothC. silkD. plastic
26. A. itB. themC. theirD. its
27. A. tooB. eitherC. alsoD. only
28. A. proudB. worriedC. amazedD. interested
29. A. behindB. aroundC. aheadD. above
30. A. organizeB. recordC. joinD. encourage
C
I will never forget May 15, 2011. That night, my car crashed ___16___ a tree and everything has changed ever since.
I lost most of my right ___17___, and I was left bleeding with several broken bones. At the hospital, my body was ___18___, but my mind was still very clear. I just kept ___19___ myself to hold on. Life must go on since I was still ___20___.
Two weeks later, I was allowed to go home. ___21___ I left the hospital, the fight was far from over. My left leg was badly hurt in that accident as well, as a result, I had to receive different ___22___ during the next few years. And soon, more of my right leg had to be cut off. This made it harder to wear my artificial leg (假肢) , so I donated it to another girl who couldn't ___23___ one. The joy of being able to provide this gift for someone else was ___24___ than the happiness I felt on any day I could wear it myself.
People often tell me they are ___25___ of me for staying strong. But in my mind, being strong has always been my only ___26___. On the day I left the hospital, I made a promise to ___27___ to make good use of every day to live life to the fullest. I am not only confident but I hope to help those around me. In 2017, I ___28___ started modeling. My dream is that one day a little girl will see me in a magazine and say, "Wow, she only has one leg but she is beautiful ___29___ confidence and bravery"
My dream is simple: to ___30___ every man, woman and child to know and believe that they are.
16. A. towardB. overC. uponD. into
17. A. armB. earC. eyeD. leg
18. A. calmB. strongC. weakD. ill
19. A. teachingB. tellingC. leadingD. advising
20. A. aliveB. livelyC. liveD. lovely
21. A. SinceB. SoC. BecauseD. Although
22. A. operationsB. giftsC. prizesD. thoughts
23. A. offerB. affordC. borrowD. accept
24. A. greaterB. smallerC. lessD. fewer
25. A. afraidB. tiredC. proudD. guilty
26. A. chanceB. choiceC. wishD. trouble
27. A. the doctorB. the girlC. myselfD. my friends
28. A. oftenB. evenC. seldomD. also
29. A. because ofB. instead ofC. more thanD. better than
30. A. allowB. orderC. inviteD. encourage
三 阅读填空
Did you know that years have their own colors? Pantone Color Institute is an organization that gives companies advice about color. And every year，it picks one that represents trends (趋势）in international culture.
This year，Pantone's color is a bright shade of green that it calls "greenery". Greenery makes people think of nature and growth. The color represents hope of changing one's life for the better or care for the environment.
Red, orange and yellow are considered "warm" colors while blue，green and purple are "cool" But greenery has elements (元素）of both; it s green, but it also includes a lot of yellow. This makes it able to go well with many other colors.
Pantone's researchers start choosing the color of the year about nine months before the year begins. They look for a color that is already being used more and more often. To decide the color 〇f the year, they look beyond fashion and home decorating. They study art, movies and lots of other things. They pick one color they expect to stay popular and announce their choice in December for the following year.
You're likely to see greenery a lot in 2017. When you do, let it encourage you to enjoy nature and start something new.
Title: Greenery, the Color of the 1
