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主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致
1. 单数名词(代词),不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数形式,复数名词(代词)作主语,谓语用复数形式。
例如:
These books are John’s. 这张桌子是约翰的。
Some orange juice is in the cup. 一些橘子汁在杯子里。
2. many a 单数名词作主语,意义虽为“许多”,但谓语要用单数形式。
例如:
Many a boys likes playing games.许多男孩喜欢打游戏。
3. more than one 单数名词作主语,谓语用单数。
例如:
More than one student didn’t finish their homework.
不止一个学生没有完成作业。
4. 表示时间,价格,重量,数目,长度,数学运算等的词或短语作主语时,这些通常作一个整体概念,谓语用单数形式。
例如:
Twenty-minute-walk is a long way.
20分钟的路程真的很远。
Three plus four is seven. 3 加 4 等于 7。
5. 主语是 each/every 单数名词 and(each/every) 单数名词时,谓语动词用单数。
例如:
Each boy and each girl has a dictionary.
Every doctor and everynurse is busy now.
6. one and a half 复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
例如:
One and a half apples is eaten by John.
7. 动词不定式,动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
例如:
To listen isn’t to believe.
Eating lots of fruit is good for your health.
8. a/an 单数名词 or two 作主语,谓语动词用单数。
例如:
A boy or two has been punished by the teacher.
9. 主语为某些词组,如 one of , each of, every one of, any one of , none of 等加复数名词或代词,谓语用单数。
例如:
One of my favorite animals is panda.
10. 不定代词:somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing 作主语,谓语动词用单数。
例如:
Is there something wrong with you?
Nobody was left. 没有人留下。
11. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语,谓语动词用单数。
例如:
Each of them has an English dictionary.
他们每人都有一本英语词典。
Neither her father nor her mother is teacher.
12. 以—s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义,谓语通常用单数形式,如 news, maths, physics等。
例如:
No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。
Physics is difficult for me.
13. 由 both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
例如:
Both Bill’s brother and his sitter are middle school students.
14. “定冠词 姓氏复数形式”表示一家人时,谓语一般用复数。
例如:
The Whites are on vacation.
15. a number of 复数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数;the number of 复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。
例如:
A number of people are coming to help this old man.
The number of the pandas is about one thousand.
16. 当 kind of,pair of, glass of 等表示确定数量的名词短语修饰主语时,谓语与kind,pair,glass 等一致。
例如:
The price of shoes is 39 dollars.
There are two glasses of milk in the fridge.
17. the 形容词表示一类人时,谓语动词用复数形式,表示抽象概念时,用单数形式。
例如:
The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad.
穷人很快乐,富人却过得不快乐。
The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。
18. 以 here,there 开关的句子,若主语在两个或两个以上,谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致。
例如:
There is a book and three pens on the desk.
桌子上有一本书,三只钢笔。
Here are some books and paper for you.
这是给你的书和纸。
19. or, either…or…,neither…nor…,not only…but also…,not…but…,连接两个名词或代词作主语时,根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。
例如:
Tom or Jack is wrong. 不是汤姆就是杰克错了。
Either this one or that one is ok.
这一个或那一个都行。
20. 当主语部分含有 with,together with,along with,as well as,besides,except,but,like 等介词或介词短语时,谓语动词由主语的单复数决定。
例如:
Mike with his father has been to England.
迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。
Mike ,like his brother, enjoys playing football
迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。
22 “lots of/ a lot of/plenty of 名词”或“分数/百分数 名词”作主语时,谓语动词取决于名词的数;若是不可数名词,用单数;若名词是复数,则用复数。
23. 由 and 连接的两个单数名词作主语时,一般用复数形式,但 and 所连接的并列主语是同一个人,事物,或概念时,谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下:a/the 单数名词 and 单数名词,指的是同一个人或物;a/the 单数名词 and a/the 单数名词,指两个人或物。例如:
The writer and teacher is coming.
那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一人)
The writer and the teacher are coming.
作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)
24 family,class,group,team 等集体名词作主语,若指一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式,若指一个具体成员时,谓语动词复数形式。
例如:
People here are very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。
His family isn’t large. 他家的人不多。
My family all like watching TV.
我们一家人都喜欢看电视。
25 none 如果指量,动词用单数。若用来指数目,与可数名词连用,谓语动词可用单数也可用复数,none 如果代表不可数名词时谓语动词用单数。
例如:
None of the land has become desert.
这些土地都没有变成沙漠。
26 all/most/half/two thirds of/the rest of 名词作主语,谓语动词由 of 后面的名词的数保持一致。
例如:
Two thirds of the students in our class are boys.
,