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阅读理解，是我们从小到大都会遇到的英语考试题，每次考试有两篇或者是三篇，难度递增。其中有些是生搬硬套的英文文本，没有英语文化的背景，说白了就是没有在说，英美这些母语是英语的国家自己记的事情，让你理解起来匪夷所思。
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这些短文，将其中的介词、核心动词，抽取出来，就会马上形成若干套，完型填空题；针对其中的基本语法点和精妙的表达，进行提问，就会立刻形成若干套，阅读理解题，这些也都是我们实际亲测有效的内容！
Today, we tell about the conflicts冲突 among the nations in Europe during the eighteenth century and how they affected影响 North America.
今天，我们讲述18世纪欧洲国家之间的冲突以及它们如何影响北美。
During the Eighteenth Century, Spain, France and Britain controlled控制 land in North America. Spain controlled Florida. France was powerful强大的 in the northern and central areas.
18世纪，西班牙、法国和英国控制了北美的土地。西班牙控制佛罗里达。法国在北部和中部地区很强大。
Britain controlled控制 the east. All three nations knew they could not exist存在 together peacefully和平地 in North America. The situation情况 could only be settled解决 by war.
英国控制了东部。这三个国家都知道他们不可能在北美和平共处。局势只能靠战争来解决。
The powerful European欧洲的 nations already were fighting each other互相 for land and money all over the world. These small wars continued for more than one-hundred years. They were called被称作【被动语态】 King William's War, Queen Anne's War, King George's War and the French and Indian War.
强大的欧洲国家已经在世界各地为争夺土地和金钱而互相争斗。这些小战争持续了一百多年。它们分别被称为威廉国王战争、安妮女王战争、乔治国王战争、法国和印第安战争。
The French and Indian War was fought to decide决定 if是否 Britain or France would be the strong power in North America. France and its colonists and Indian allies fought against Britain, its colonists and Indian allies.
法国和印第安的战争是为了决定，英国或法国，将成为北美的强国。法国及其殖民地居民和印第安盟友与英国、殖民地居民和印第安盟友作战。
The war began with conflicts冲突 about land. French explorers探索者 had been the first Europeans in the areas around the Great Lakes and the Ohio俄亥俄州 and Mississippi密西西比河 rivers. France had sent traders and trappers捕猎者 to these territories地区 and had established建立 trading centers there.
战争始于关于土地的冲突。法国探险家是第一批来到五大湖、俄亥俄河和密西西比河附近地区的欧洲人。法国向这些地区派遣了贸易商和捕猎者，并在那里建立了贸易中心。
Britain claimed主张 the same land. When the king gave land in North America to someone, the land was considered考虑 to extend延伸 from east coast to west coast, even though即使 no one knew where the west coast was.
英国声称对这片土地同样拥有主权。当国王把北美的土地给别人时，人们认为这片土地从东海岸一直延伸到西海岸，尽管没有人知道西海岸在哪里。
The land along沿着 the east coast had become crowded拥挤, and settlers were moving迁徙 west. White people were destroying破坏 the Indians' hunting打猎 areas. And Indians became worried担心 that they would lose the use of their land.
东海岸的土地变得拥挤不堪，移民们向西迁移。白人正在破坏印第安人的狩猎区。印第安人开始担心他们会失去土地的使用权
The Indian tribes部落 may have been able to本可以【虚拟 语气】 resist抵制 the people moving west if they had been united联合. But their own conflicts冲突 kept the Indian groups apart分离的. When Britain and France started fighting each other, some Indians helped the British. Others helped the French.
如果印第安部落团结起来，他们本可以能够抵抗向西迁移的人们。但是他们自己的冲突使得印第安人群体彼此分离。当英法两国开战时，一些印第安人帮助了英国人。其他人帮助法国人。
The French settlers lived mainly主要地 in what was called New France法国. Today it is part of Canada加拿大. Life there was different from不同于 life in the British英国 colonies to the south. There was no religious宗教的 freedom自由, for example例如.
法国殖民者主要生活在所谓的新法国。今天它是加拿大的一部分。那里的生活与英国南部殖民地的生活不同。例如，当时没有宗教自由。
All settlers in French territories地区 had to be French and belong to属于 the Roman Catholic Church教堂. So, many French people who belonged to Protestant churches settled定居 in the British colonies.
在法国领土上的所有定居者都必须是法国人，属于罗马天主教会。因此，许多属于新教教会的法国人定居在英国殖民地。
France also did not like the fact事实 that the British paid the Indians high prices for购买 animal furs毛皮. France was more interested in更感兴趣在.. the fur trade毛皮生意 than in settling the land. The British hurt损害 the French traders' business when they bought fur from the Indians.
法国也不喜欢英国人向印第安人高价购买动物皮毛。法国更感兴趣的是皮毛贸易，而不是定居。英国人从印第安人那里购买毛皮，损害了法国商人的生意。
One of the French trading forts堡垒 was built in the area where the city of Pittsburgh匹兹堡, Pennsylvania宾夕法尼亚州 is today. The French called it Fort Duquesne(Doo-kane).
其中一个法国贸易堡垒建于今天宾夕法尼亚州，匹兹堡市所在的地区。法国人称之为杜肯堡。
The British claimed主张 it was in Virginia and that the land belonged to属于 them. In Seventeen-Fifty-Four, the governor of Virginia sent a twenty-one-year-old colonist named George Washington乔治华盛顿 to tell the French to get out离开.
英国人声称这片土地在弗吉尼亚，属于他们。1754年，弗吉尼亚州州长派了一个21岁的殖民者乔治·华盛顿去叫法国人离开。
This was the same George Washington who would later后来 become成为 the first President总统 of the United States.
这就是后来成为美国第一任总统的乔治·华盛顿。
The French refused to拒绝 leave离开 Fort Duquesne. So Washington and one-hundred-fifty men tried to force迫使 them out. They attacked进攻 a group of Fenchmen and killed杀死 ten of them. The French and Indian War had begun.
法国人拒绝离开杜肯要塞。所以华盛顿和150人试图用武力把他们驱离出去。他们袭击了一群Fenchmen，杀死了其中10人。法印战争开始了。
British troops英国军队 under the command of General Edward Braddock joined加入到 George Washington at Fort Duquesne. The British general将军 expected期待 to fight the way battles战争 were fought in Europe.
爱德华·布洛克将军指挥下的英国军队与乔治·华盛顿在杜肯堡会合。这位英国将军希望以欧洲战场的方式作战。
There, troops lined up一字拉开 on open fields场地 and fired their weapons as they marched行军 toward朝向... each other. The French and Indians did not fight this way. They hid隐藏 in the woods. They wore穿着 clothes that made them difficult困难 to see. They shot at向..射击 the British from behind从..后面 trees.
在那里，士兵们在开阔的田野上排好队，一边向对方行进一边开枪。法国人和印第安人并不是这样战斗的。他们藏在树林里。他们穿的衣服使他们很难被看见。他们从树后向英军射击。
The British had more troops军队 than the other side. But the French and Indians won赢得 the battle of Fort Duquesne. General Braddock was killed. Most of the French and Indian War was fought along沿着 two lakes in an area of New York state near the border with Canada.
英军的兵力比对方多。但是法国人和印第安人赢得了杜肯堡战役。布洛克将军被杀了。法国和印第安战争大多发生在纽约州与加拿大边境附近的两个湖上。
One was Lake George. The other was Lake Champlain north of Lake George. It reaches到达 almost几乎 all the way to the city of Montreal蒙特利尔 in Canada.
一个是乔治湖。另一个是在乔治湖以北的尚普兰湖。它几乎一直延伸到加拿大的蒙特利尔市。
These lakes provided提供 the best way to move运送 troops军队 and supplies供应物质 during the French and Indian war. Few roads existed存在 in North America at that time. The military force军力 which controlled控制 the lakes and rivers controlled much of North America.
在法国和印第安战争期间，这些湖泊是运送军队和物资的最佳途径。当时北美几乎没有道路。控制湖泊和河流的军队控制了北美的大部分地区。
The French had military bases基地 in the cities of Quebec魁北克 and Montreal蒙特利尔. The British had military bases along New York's Hudson River. The area between them became the great battle ground.
法国人在魁北克和蒙特利尔都有军事基地。英国在纽约哈德逊河沿岸有军事基地。他们之间的地区成了伟大的战场。
Fighting increased增长 after the British defeated打败 the French near Lake George in the last months of Seventeen-Fifty- Five. The French then built a new military base to【不定式接目的状语】 control Lake Champlain and the surrounding周边的 area.
在1755年的最后几个月，英军在乔治湖附近击败了法军，战斗加剧了。法国人随后建立了一个新的军事基地来控制尚普兰湖及其周边地区。
The French military base was at the southern end of Lake Champlain. They built a strong camp营地, the kind这一类的 called a fort堡垒. They called称作 it Fort Carillon .
法国军事基地位于尚普兰湖的南端。他们建造了一个坚固的营地，叫做堡垒。他们称它为卡里隆堡。
The fort would control控制 Lake Champlain and the area needed to reach到达 the northern part of Lake George. The fort was designed设计 to provide提供 a strong defense防御 against针对 attack进攻.
这座堡垒将控制尚普兰湖和到达乔治湖北部所需的区域。这座堡垒的设计是为了防御攻击。
【仅用单句表达，配合介词，不定式的表达；同样可以起到从句的修饰表达效果。】
【多多去体会介词的巧妙用法，是提高英文的关键！】
The French built two big walls of logs, several meters apart. The area between the walls was filled with用...填充 dirt. Later, a strong stone front was added添加.
Troops inside在里面 the walls were well protected保护.
法国人用间隔几米远的原木建造了两堵高墙。墙与墙之间的地方积满了土。后来，前面添加了一个坚固的石头。城墙内的部队得到了很好的保护。
The British built a similar类似的 fort at the southern end of Lake George. They called称作 it Fort William Henry.
英国人在乔治湖的南端建造了一座类似的堡垒。他们称之为威廉亨利堡。
France sent one of its best military commanders指挥官 to take command of指挥 its troops in America. His name was the Marquis de Montcalm.
法国派出最好的军事指挥官来指挥在北美洲的军队。他的名字是德·蒙德洛侯爵。
General Montcalm attacked进攻 several British forts in Seventeen-Fifty-Seven. One of these was Fort William Henry on Lake George. The British commander指挥官 was forced被迫 to surrender投降.
蒙特卡姆将军在1757年袭击了几个英国堡垒。其中之一是乔治湖上的威廉亨利堡。英国指挥官被迫投降。
General Montcalm promised承诺 that the British troops would be treated对待 fairly if they surrendered投降. But the Indian allies联盟 of the French did not honor接受 the surrender agreement协议.
蒙特卡姆将军承诺，如果英军投降，他们将受到公平对待。但是法国的印第安盟友没有遵守投降协议。
They began to kill杀 British soldiers and settlers. No one is sure确定 how many people died. It could可能 have been more than大于 one-thousand.
他们开始杀害英国士兵和殖民者。没有人知道死亡人数。有可能超过1000个。
In Seventeen Fifty-Eight, a strong British force attacked进攻 Fort Carillon on Lake Champlain. General Montcalm was the French commander指挥官.
1758年，一支强大的英国军队袭击了尚普兰湖上的卡里隆堡。蒙特卡姆将军是法国的指挥官。
Fort Carillon was strong enough that the smaller French force was able to defeat打败 the bigger British force. The British withdrew撤退, but attacked again the next year. This time the British commander指挥官 was General将军 Jeffery Amhurst.
卡灵堡足够强大，较小的法国军队能够击败较大的英国军队。英国人撤退了，但第二年又发动了进攻。这次的英国指挥官是杰弗瑞·安赫斯特将军。
Amhurst was successful成功的. The British defeated打败 the French. They changed the name of Fort Carillon to Fort Ticonderoga. It became an important military center in the French and Indian War. Fort Ticonderoga would also become important later, during America's war for independence独立的 .
Amhurst是成功的。英国人打败了法国人。他们把卡里隆堡改名为提康德罗加堡。它成为法国和印第安战争中的一个重要军事中心。提康德罗加堡后来在美国独立战争期间也变得很重要。
The French and Indian war ended结束了 after the British defeated打败了 the French in Quebec魁北克. Britain and France signed a treaty条约 ending the war in Paris巴黎 in Seventeen Sixty-Three.
英国人在魁北克击败法国人后，法印战争结束了。英国和法国于1763年在巴黎签署了结束战争的条约。
The British had won the French and Indian War. They took control of控制 the lands that had been claimed主张 by France.
英国人赢得了法印战争。他们控制了法国声称拥有主权的土地。
Britain now claimed主张 all the land from the east coast东海岸 of North America to the Mississippi密西西比 River. Everything west of that river belonged to属于 Spain.
英国现在声称拥有从北美东海岸到密西西比河的所有土地。那条河以西的一切都属于西班牙。
France gave all its western lands to Spain to keep阻挡 the British out. Indians still controlled控制 most of the western lands, except除了 for some Spanish colonies殖民地 in Texas德克萨斯 and New Mexico新墨西哥.
法国把它所有的西部土地都给了西班牙，把英国人挡在外面。除了在德克萨斯州和新墨西哥州的一些西班牙殖民地外，印第安人仍然控制着西部的大部分土地。
Today, you can still visit the two forts that were so important重要 in the French and Indian War. Little of the original原来的 buildings建筑物 have survived幸存.
今天，你仍然可以参观在法国和印第安战争中非常重要的两座堡垒。原来的建筑几乎没有幸存下来。
However然而, both两个 have been re-built using the original原来的 designs设计理念. The area surrounding周围 both forts is very beautiful, including包括 the two lakes, Lake George and Lake Champlain.
然而，这两个都是重新建设使用原来的设计。这两个堡垒周围的地区非常美丽，包括两个湖，乔治湖和尚普兰湖。
Many people spend渡过 their holidays in this area enjoying以..为乐 the outdoors. The area includes包括 one of America's national国家的 historical历史的 parks, Saratoga.
许多人在这个地区度假，享受户外活动。该地区包括美国国家历史公园萨拉托加。
It also inludes包括 the Lake George Beach State Park. Few people who visit the area stop to remember停下来去记起 the terrible可怕的 fighting that took place发生 there two-hundred fifty years ago.
它还包括乔治湖海滩州立公园。访问这个地区很少人，会驻足记起，250年前发生在那里的可怕战斗。
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