arise/ ə’raiz/ vi.出现；由…引起
The birds also attack crops when the opportunity arises.
一有机会鸟儿们也会破坏庄稼。
arouse/ ə’rauz/ vt.引起，唤起；唤醒
We left in the daytime so as not to arouse suspicion.
我们在白天离开以避免引起怀疑。
dose/deus/n.剂量，用量；一剂
One dose of penicillin can wipe out the infection.
一剂青霉素就能消除感染。
draft/dra:ft/n.草稿；汇票vt.起草
I rewrote his rough draft, which was published under my name
我把他的草稿重新改写，并以我的名字发表了。
evolve/ i’vɔlv/ vt.使进化；使发展
The bright plumage of many male birds has evolved to attract females
很多雄鸟进化出鲜艳的羽毛是为了吸引雌鸟。
exaggerate/ ig’zædʒəreit/ vt.&vi.夸大，夸张
He thinks I'm exaggerating
他觉得我在夸大其词。
exceed/ ik’si:d/ vt.超过，胜过；超出
Its research budget exceeds$ 700 million a year
其研究预算每年超过7亿美元。
exceedingly/ ik’si:diŋli/ ad.极端的，非常
We had an exceedingly good lunch
我们吃了一顿极为丰盛的午餐。
excess/ ik’ses, ‘ekses/ n.超越；过量；过度
An excess of house plants in a small flat can be oppressive
在小公寓中摆放过多室内植物会让人觉得很压抑。
furnace/ ‘fə:nis/ n.炉子，熔炉；鼓风炉
This paper focus on the application of DCS control system in High Speed Rod Mill Heating Furance.
介绍了DCS控制系统在步进梁式加热炉上的应用。
furnish/ ‘fə:niʃ/ vt.供应，提供；装备
Many proprietors try to furnish their hotels with antiques.
许多经营者都想用古董装饰他们的酒店。
furthermore/ ‘fə:ðə’mɔ:/ ad.而且，此外
Furthermore, they claim that any such interference is completely ineffective.
此外，他们还声称任何这样的干预都是完全无效的。
intensive/ in’tensiv/ a.加强的；精耕细作的
Each counsellor undergoes an intensive training programme before beginning work.
每个辅导员在上岗前都要接受密集培训。
molecule/ ‘mɔlikju:l/ n.分子，克分子
A methane molecule is composed of one carbon atom attached to four hydrogens.
甲烷分子由1个碳原子与4个氢原子构成。
monument/ ‘mɔnjumənt/ n.纪念碑；纪念馆
By his international achievements he leaves a fitting monument to his beliefs.
他在国际上的成就为其信念作出了最好的注解。
moral/ ‘mɔrəl/ a.道德的；合乎道德的
They have no morals.
他们没有一点品行
precaution/ pri’kɔ:ʃən/ n.预防；警惕
Could he not, just as a precaution, move to a place of safety?
就算仅仅是为了以防万一，难道他就不能挪到安全的地方吗？
preceding/ pri(:)’si:diŋ/ a.在前的；在先的
His testimony contradicted that of the preceding witness.
他的证词和前一位的互相矛盾。
reveal/ ri’vi:l/ vt.展现；揭示，揭露
She has refused to reveal the whereabouts of her daughter
她不肯透露她女儿的行踪。
reverse/ ri’və:s/ vt.颠倒，翻转 n.背面
They have made it clear they will not reverse the decision to increase prices
他们已经明确表示不会更改提价的决定。
revolt/ ri’vəult/ vi.&n.反抗，造反
It was undeniably a revolt by ordinary people against their leaders
不可否认，这是一场平民百姓反抗领导人的起义。
spade/ speid/ n.铲，铁锹
I'm not at all secretive, and I'm pretty good at calling a spade a spade.
我不会遮遮掩掩，我喜欢直言不讳。
span/ spæn/ n.跨距；一段时间
The batteries had a life span of six hours
这些电池的寿命为6小时。
spark/ spa:k/ n.火花， 火星
The fire gradually got bigger and bigger. Sparks flew off in all directions.
火越燃越烈，火星四溅。
specialist/ speʃəlist/ n.专家
Peckham, himself a cancer specialist, is well aware of the wide variations in medical practice.
佩卡姆本人是一名癌症专家，他非常了解不同治疗方法之间的巨大差异。
specialize/ ‘speʃəlaiz/ vi.成为…专家；专攻
Many students specialize in engineering.
许多学生专攻工程学。
assemble/ ə’sembl/ vt.集合，召集；装配
There wasn't even a convenient place for students to assemble between classes
在课间，学生们连一个方便凑在一起的地方都没有。
assembly/ ə’sembli/ n.集合；集会；装配
He waited until complete quiet settled on the assembly.
他一直等到集会的人群完全安静下来。
assign/ ə’sain/ vt.指派；分配；指定
When I taught, I would assign a topic to children which they would write about
我教课时会给孩子们布置一个题目，让他们就这个题目写点东西。
assistance/ ə’sistəns/ n. 协助,援助
Since 1976 he has been operating the shop with the assistance of volunteers
从1976年开始，他就在志愿者的帮助下经营这个店。
competent/ ‘kɔmpitənt/ a.有能力的；应该做的
He was a loyal, distinguished and very competent civil servant.
他是一位敬业、优秀而且非常称职的公务员。
drift/drift/vi.漂流，漂泊n.漂流
We proceeded to drift on up the river
我们继续向河流的上游漂流。
drill/dril/n.钻头；操练vi.钻孔
He drilled into the wall of Lili's bedroom
他在莉莉卧室的墙上钻了个孔。
drip/drip/vi.滴下；漏水n.水滴
Sit your child forward and let the blood drip into a tissue or on to the floor
让你的孩子前倾坐着，让血滴在纸巾上或地板上。
drown/draun/vi.淹死，溺死
Forty-eight people have drowned after their boat capsized during a storm
他们的船在暴风雨中倾覆后有48人溺亡
execute/ ‘eksikju:t/ vt.将…处死；实施
He was executed by lethal injection earlier today
他于今天早些时候被注射处死。
executive/ ig’zekjutiv/ a.执行的 n.执行者
A successful job search needs to be as well organised as any other executive task
成功的求职与执行其他任何任务一样，都需要良好的条理性
exert/ ig’zə:t/ vt.尽(力)，运用
He exerted considerable influence on the thinking of the scientific community on these issues
他极大地影响了科学界对这些问题的看法
internal/ in’tə:nl/ a.内的；国内的
The country stepped up internal security
该国加强了国内安保。
interpret/ in’tə:prit/ vt.解释，说明；口译
The whole speech might well be interpreted as a coded message to the Americans
整个演讲完全可以看成是在向美国人传递编码信息。
interpretation/ intə:pri’teiʃən/ n.解释；口译
The opposition Conservative Party put a different interpretation on the figures
反对党保守党对这些数字提出一番不同的解释。
multiple/ ‘mΛltipl/ a.复合的；并联的
He died of multiple injuries
他死于多处受伤。
preferable/ ‘prefərəbl/ a.更可取的，更好的
A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby
远处发生大地震总比在附近发生小地震好。
preference/ ‘prefərəns/ n.偏爱，优先；优先权
Parents can express a preference for the school their child attends
父母可以表达对自己孩子所上学校的偏好。
prejudice/ ‘predʒudis/ n.偏见，成见
There was a deep-rooted racial prejudice long before the two countries became rivals and went to war
早在这两个国家成为敌人并且兵戎相见之前，它们之间就有了根深蒂固的种族偏见。
preliminary/ pri’liminəri/ a.预备的，初步的
Preliminary results show the Republican party with 11 percent of the vote
初步结果显示共和党获得了11%的选票。
rigid/ ‘ridʒid/ a.刚硬的；僵硬的
Several colleges in our study have rigid rules about student conduct
在我们的研究中，有几所大学制定了严格的学生行为规则。
rival/ ‘raivəl/ n.竞争者 a.竞争的
The world champion finished more than two seconds ahead of his nearest rival
世界冠军领先第二名2秒多钟到达终点。
spite/ spait/ n. 恶意,怨恨,不顾 vt. 刁难,欺侮
Josef Krips at the State Opera hired her in spite of the fact that she had never sung on stage
尽管她从未在舞台上演唱过，国家歌剧院的约瑟夫·克里普斯还是聘用了她
split/ split/ vt.劈开 vi.被劈开
In a severe gale the ship split in two
在一次大风中，船断成了两截。
spoil/ spɔil/ vt.损坏，糟蹋；宠坏
It's important not to let mistakes spoil your life
重要的是不要让错误毁了你的生活。
sponsor/ ‘spɔnsə/ n.发起者 vt.发起
Mercury, in association with The Independent, is sponsoring Britain's first major Pop Art exhibition for over 20 years
《信使报》正携手《独立报》一起为20多年来英国举办的首届大型通俗艺术展览提供赞助。
compress/ kəm’pres/ vt.压紧，压缩
Poor posture, sitting or walking slouched over, compresses the body's organs
坐着或者走路的时候低头垂肩，这种不正确的姿势会压迫体内的器官
comprise/ kəm’praiz/ vt.包含，包括；构成
The special cabinet committee comprises Mr Brown, Mr Mandelson, and Mr Straw
特别内阁委员会包括布朗先生、曼德尔森先生和斯特劳先生。
dusk/dqsk/n.薄暮，黄昏，幽暗
We arrived home at dusk.
我们傍晚到家。
dynamic/dainamik/a.有活力的；动力的
He seemed a dynamic and energetic leader
他似乎是一个富有干劲、精力充沛的领导。
exploit/ ‘eksplɔit, iks’plɔit/ vt.剥削；利用；开拓
Critics claim he exploited black musicians for personal gain.
批评家声称他压榨黑人音乐家谋求私利。
investment/ in’vestmənt/ n.投资，投资额，投入
He said the government must introduce tax incentives to encourage investment
他说政府必须推出税收激励政策来鼓励投资。
investigate/ in’vestigeit/ vt.&vi.调查
Gas officials are investigating the cause of an explosion which badly damaged a house in Hampshire
煤气系统的官员正在调查一起瓦斯爆炸的起因，这起事故严重毁坏了汉普郡的一所房屋。
invisible/ in’vizəbl/ a.看不见的，无形的
The lines were so finely etched as to be invisible from a distance
线条被蚀刻得如此精细，在远处看都看不见。
principle/ ‘prinsəpl/ n.原则，原理；主义
Buck never allowed himself to be bullied into doing anything that went against his principles
巴克从来不会因为受到威胁而做违背自己原则的事情。
prior/ ‘praiə/ a.在先的；优先的
He claimed he had no prior knowledge of the protest
他声称自己事先并不知道这次抗议的事。
privilege/ ‘privilidʒ/ n.特权，优惠
The Russian Federation has issued a decree abolishing special privileges for government officials.
俄罗斯联邦已经颁布法令废除政府官员的特权
procedure/ prə’si:dʒə/ n.程序；手续；过程
A biopsy is usually a minor surgical procedure
活组织检查通常是一个很小的外科手术。
rotation/ rəu’teiʃən/ n.旋转，转动；循环
Once a month we met for the whole day, and in rotation each one led the group.
我们每个月聚在一起一整天，轮流担任领队。
rotten/ ‘rɔtn/ a.腐烂的，发臭的
The smell outside this building is overwhelming — like rotten eggs
这栋大楼外面的气味让人无法忍受——就像臭鸡蛋的味道。
stack/ stæk/ n.堆，垛 vt.堆积
There were stacks of books on the bedside table and floor.
床头桌和地板上有几摞书。
stain/ stein/ vt.沾污；给…着色
Remove stains by soaking in a mild solution of bleach.
用温和的漂白剂浸泡以去除污迹。
stake/ steik/ n.桩；赌金；奖品
The tension was naturally high for a game with so much at stake
对于一场成败攸关的比赛来说气氛自然非常紧张。
stale/ steil/ n.陈腐的；走了气的
Their daily diet consisted of a lump of stale bread, a bowl of rice and stale water.
他们的日常饮食包括一块不新鲜的面包、一碗米饭和变味的水。
auxiliary/ ɔ:g’ziljəri/ a.辅助的；附属的
Nursing auxiliaries provide basic care, but are not qualified nurses.
助理护士只提供基本护理，不具备护士资格。
avenue/ ‘ævinju:/ n.林荫道，道路；大街
Talbot was presented with 80 potential avenues of investigation
给塔尔博特提出了80种进行调查的可能途径。
exposure/ iks’pəuʒə/ n.暴露；揭露；曝光
Exposure to lead is known to damage the brains of young children.
众所周知，接触铅对幼儿的大脑有害。
extensive/ iks’tensiv/ a.广阔的；广泛的
When built, the palace and its grounds were more extensive than the city itself.
建成时，宫殿及其庭院比城市本身面积还要大
extent/ iks’tent/ n.广度；范围；程度
The government itself has little information on the extent of industrial pollution
政府本身几乎不了解工业污染的程度。
prominent/ ‘prɔminənt/ a.实起的；突出的
Here the window plays a prominent part in the design.
这里窗户在设计中起着非常重要的作用。
prompt/ prɔmpt/ a.及时的 vt.敦促
Japan's recession has prompted consumers to cut back on buying cars
日本经济的不景气使得消费者在购买车辆上减少了开支。
property/ ‘prɔpəti/ n.财产，资产；性质
Richard could easily destroy her personal property to punish her for walking out on him
理查德能轻易毁掉她的私人财产来惩罚她对他的背叛。
steer/ stiə/ vt.&vi.驾驶
What is it like to steer a ship this size?
驾驶这么大的船感觉怎么样？
stem/ stem/ n.茎，(树)干 vi.起源
All my problems stem from drink
我所有的问题都源于酗酒。
sticky/ ‘stiki/ a.粘性的；胶粘的
If the dough is sticky, add more flour
如果面团太黏，就再加点面粉。
stiff/ stif/ a.硬的；僵直的
The furniture was stiff, uncomfortable, too delicate, and too neat
家具又硬又不舒服，太不结实而且太小巧
stimulate/ ‘stimjuleit/ vt.刺激，激励，激发
The furniture was stiff, uncomfortable, too delicate, and too neat
家具又硬又不舒服，太不结实而且太小巧
condemn/ kən’dem/ vt.谴责，指责；判刑
Political leaders united yesterday to condemn the latest wave of violence
政界领袖昨日联合起来对最近激增的暴力事件予以谴责。
exterior/ eks’tiəriə/ a.外部的；对外的
In one ad the viewer scarcely sees the car's exterior
在一则广告中，观众几乎看不到汽车的外观。
external/ eks’tə:nl/ a.外部的，外面的
Such events occur only when the external conditions are favorable.
这种事情只有在外部条件有利时才会发生。
extraordinary/ iks’trɔ:dinəri/ a.非同寻常的，特别的
We've made extraordinary progress as a society in that regard
在那个方面，我们的社会已经取得了巨大的进步。
proportion/ prə’pɔ:ʃən/ n.比，比率，部分
A large proportion of the dolphins in that area will eventually die
那片区域里的很大一部分海豚终将死去。
proportional/ prə’pɔ:ʃənl/ a.比例低；相称的
Loss of weight is directly proportional to the rate at which the disease is progressing.
体重的下降与病情发展的速度成正比。
proposal/ prə’pəuzəl/ n.提议，建议；求婚
The President is to put forward new proposals for resolving the country's constitutional crisis
总统将提出解决国家宪法危机的新议案。
propose/ prə’pəuz/ vt.提议 vi.求婚
Britain is about to propose changes to some institutions
英国将提议对一些机构进行改革。
prospect/ ‘prɔspekt, prəs’pekt/ n.展望；前景，前程
Unfortunately, there is little prospect of seeing these big questions answered
不幸的是，几乎不可能看到这些重大问题得到回复。
stir/ stə:/ vt.动；拨动；激动
Stir the soup for a few seconds
将汤搅和几秒钟。
stoop/ stu:p/ vi.俯身；弯身 n.弯腰
She was taller than he was and stooped slightly.
她比他高，而且略微有些驼背。
aspect/ ‘æspekt/ n.方面；样子，外表
Climate and weather affect every aspect of our lives
气候和天气影响着我们生活的方方面面。
comparative/ kəm’pærətiv/ a.比较的，相对的
The task was accomplished with comparative ease.
相对而言，任务完成得比较轻松。
comparison/ kəm’pærisn/ n.比较，对照；比似
Its recommendations are based on detailed comparisons between the public and private sectors
建议是建立在对国营部门与私营部门进行详细比较的基础上的。
compel/ kəm’pel/ vt.强迫，迫使屈服
Leonie's mother was compelled to take in washing to help support her family
利奥妮的妈妈被迫在家替人洗衣服，以贴补家用。
drain/drein/vt.排去；放水n.耗竭
Miners built the tunnel to drain water out of the mines
矿工们开凿了一条地道，以排出矿井里的水。
dramatic/drəmatik/a.引人注目的，戏剧的
A fifth year of drought is expected to have dramatic effects on the California economy
第五年遭受旱灾预计会对加利福尼亚的经济产生巨大的影响。
excessive/ ik’sesiv/ a.过多的，极度的
The government says that local authority spending is excessive.
政府称地方当局开支过大。
exclaim/ iks’kleim/ vi.呼喊；惊叫
'He went back to the lab', Iris exclaimed impatiently
“他回实验室去了，”艾里斯不耐烦地大声说。
exclude/ iks’klu:d/ vt.把…排除在外
The Academy excluded women from its classes
该学院不招收女学生。
exclusively/ iks’klu:sivli/ ad.专门地
Instruction in these subjects in undergraduate classes is almost exclusively by lecture.
本科生的这几门课程几乎完全是通过讲座教授的。
excursion/ iks’kə:ʃən/ n.远足；短途旅行
In Bermuda, Sam's father took him on an excursion to a coral barrier.
在百慕大，萨姆的父亲带他到附近的珊瑚礁去游玩
interfere/ intə’fiə/ vi.干涉，干预；妨碍
I wish everyone would stop interfering and just leave me alone
我希望大家都别再来干涉我，让我一个人静一静。
interior/ in’tiəriə/ a.内的；内地的n.内部
The interior of the house was furnished with heavy, old-fashioned pieces
房子里摆放着笨重的旧式家具。
intermediate/ intə’mi:djət/ a.中间的；中级的
You should consider breaking the journey with intermediate stopovers at airport hotels.
你应该考虑将旅程分为几段，中途在机场旅馆稍作停留。
motion/ ‘məuʃən/ n.运动；手势；提议
One group of muscles sets the next group in motion
一组肌肉带动下一组肌肉运动。
motivate/ ‘məutiveit/ vt.促动；激励，激发
They are motivated by a need to achieve
对成功的渴望激励着他们。
motive/ ‘məutiv/ n.动机，目的
Police have ruled out robbery as a motive for the killing.
警方已排除因抢劫而杀人的可能。
precious/ ‘preʃəs/ a.珍贵的，宝贵的
After four months in foreign parts, every hour at home was precious
在国外呆了4个月后，在家的每一刻都是宝贵的。
precise/ pri’sais/ a.精确的，准确的
I can remember the precise moment when my daughter came to see me and her new baby brother in hospital
我能清楚地回想起我女儿来医院看我和她刚出生的弟弟的那一刻。
precision/ pri’siʒən/ n.精确，精密，精密度
The choir sang with precision
唱诗班的演唱准确无误。
preface/ ‘prefis/ n.序言，前言，引语
I will preface what I am going to say with a few lines from Shakespeare
进入正题之前，我先引用莎士比亚的几句诗作为开场白。
rhythm/ ‘riðəm/ n.韵律，格律；节奏
His music of that period fused the rhythms of Jazz with classical forms
他那个时期的音乐将爵士乐的韵律和古典音乐的形式融合在了一起。
rib/ rib/ n.肋，肋骨
Her heart was thumping against her ribs
她的心脏紧抵着肋骨砰砰跳动。
ribbon/ ‘ribən/ n.缎带，丝带；带
She had tied back her hair with a peach satin ribbon.
她用一根桃色缎带把头发扎在脑后。
ridge/ ridʒ/ n.脊；岭，山脉；垄
A little way below the ridge was an outcrop of rock that made a rough shelter.
山脊下方不远处有一块露出地面的岩石，大致形成了一个掩蔽处。
specific/ spi’sifik/ a.特有的；具体的
Massage may help to increase blood flow to specific areas of the body
按摩有助于增加身体特定部位的血液流量。
specify/ ‘spesifai/ vi.指定，详细说明
They specified a spacious entrance hall
他们专门指定要一个宽敞的大门厅。
specimen/ ‘spesimin/ n.样本，标本，样品
200,000 specimens of fungus are kept at the Komarov Botanical Institute.
有20万份菌类标本被保存在科马罗夫植物研究所。
sphere/ sfiə/ n.球，圆体；范围
They see the region as their natural sphere of influence due to their historical links and a shared language.
基于历史上的联系和共同的语言，他们把该地区看成是自己天然的势力范围
spill/ spil/ vt.使溢出 vi.溢出
70,000 tonnes of oil spilled from the tanker
7万吨油从油轮中溢了出来。
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