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26个字母r的标准发音
Hello, everybody. This is Elliott from ETJ English that's "Elliott" with two Ts, by the way. Recently, a few days ago, I posted a video on my Instagram and I asked my students "please tell me some words that you find really difficult to pronounce in British English".
大家好。我是来自 ETJ 英语频道的埃利奥特。最近，几天前，我在Instagram上发布了一段视频，我问我的学生“请告诉我一些你觉得在英式英语中很难发音的单词”。
So, I received about 160 words. And I've chosen 10 what is actually 11 but 10 is just a you know a better number which I'm going to help you today to pronounce which should be difficult for a few of you.
我收到了大约一百六十个单词。我选择了十个，其实是十一个，但十是一个更好的数字，我会教你们这些词如何发音，这对你们某些人来说应该很难。
Maybe they're easy for some of you, I'm sorry if they are, but let's get straight to the list. The first word I want to start with today is the word "literally", "literally".
也许对某些人来说很容易，如果是，那很抱歉，不过，我们直接开始吧。我今天要说的第一个单词是“literally/ˈlɪtrəli/”，“literally”。
Now, in British English, we do this thing called elision. And elision is when we remove a sound from a word technically just to make it easier and because it's just something we're used to doing, much easier for us just to say "literally", "literally".
在英式英语中，我们管这叫省音。省音是指我们从一个单词中删除一个音，只是为了让它更简单，因为这是我们习惯做的事情，对我们来说，读成/ˈlɪtrəli/，/ˈlɪtrəli/要容易得多。
Example sentence: I literally saw you 3 minutes ago. I literally saw you 3 minutes ago.
例句：我三分钟前见过你。我三分钟前见过你。
Number 2, similar situation, we have the word "exactly". And this is how I pronounce it: exactly/ɪɡˈzækli/.
第二，类似地，单词“exactly”。我是这样发音的：exactly/ɪɡˈzækli/.
Firstly, the first thing to notice is it begins with an /ɪ/ sound, /ɪ/. So that pair with the /i: /, we don't want /i: /, we want /ɪ/. /ɪɡˈzækli/, exactly.
首先要注意的是它以一个/ɪ/音开头，/ɪ/。和/i:/一组的那个，但我们不读/i:/，而是/ɪ/。/ɪɡˈzækli/，exactly。
So again, something we're doing here is we're removing a T because it's much easier to pronounce it as "exactly/ɪɡˈzækli/". Now, some people, yes, they still do pronounce it with the T, and they will say "exactly/ɪɡˈzæktli/".
同样，我们把一个 T 音去掉了，因为这样更容易发音，exactly/ɪɡˈzækli/。很多人仍然把 T 音发出来，他们会读成 exactly/ɪɡˈzæktli/。
That's more of a traditional way of saying it. But I teach modern British pronunciation, this is how most people I know, this is how I pronounce it "exactly/ɪɡˈzækli/".
这是更传统的读法。但我教的是现代英式发音，这是我认识的大多数人的发音方式，exactly/ɪɡˈzækli/。
Example sentence: You're exactly right. You're exactly right.
例句：你说得对。你说得对。
Number three. These two words often get confused. I have so many messages about these words.
第三。这两个词经常被混淆。我收到了很多关于这两个词的信息。
We have the word "walk"; we have the word "work". The first one I want to talk about is "work".
那就是单词“walk”和“work”。我想说的第一个是“work”。
Now, this sound is actually a long vowel sound, the /ɜː/ south. So, the mouth is relaxed, we just kind of leave it open like we're breathing.
这个音其实是一个长元音，/ɜː/音。嘴巴放松，只是像呼吸一样张开。
And the tongue should be kind of floating in the middle of the mouth, very relaxed, and the sound we should be making is /ɜː/. Imagine you're sat next to your friend, your girlfriend, your boyfriend, whoever.
而且舌头浮于嘴巴中间，非常放松，发出的音是/ɜː/。想象一下，你坐在你的朋友，你的女朋友或男朋友旁边。
And they fart. They do a really disgusting fart, right, and it stinks, really smells. Now, my natural reaction would be to make this sound: Errrr. . .
然后他们放屁。他们放了个很臭的屁，很臭很臭。我的自然反应会是这样：呃......
So, what we're doing is the mouth is relaxed, the tongue just floats in the middle of the mouth, /ɜː/. That's a more relaxed version of it, /ɜː/.
我们要做的是嘴巴放松，舌头上抬至嘴巴间，/ɜː/。我们再放松一些，/ɜː/。
So now, try it with the /wɜː/, work, work. And now the walk/wɔːk/.
读/wɜː/试试，work，work。现在我们说说/wɔːk/。
It's more of a round shape with the mouth. The tongue is the same height, so it's in the middle of the mouth, but it's going back towards the throat: walk, walk.
发这个音嘴巴要张得圆一些。舌头高度相同，处于嘴巴中间，但向喉咙靠一点：walk，walk。
Now, try: I walk to work on Thursday. I walk to work on Thursday.
现在来读：我周四走路上班。我周四走路上班。
So, remember, /ɔː/, round mouth, tongue back; /ɜː/, relaxed mouth, kind of sitting in the middle of the mouth of the tongue. Next, we have the word "through".
记住，/ɔː/，嘴巴张成圆形，舌头靠后；/ɜː/，嘴巴放松，舌头放在嘴巴中间。下一个，单词“through”。
So I hear this pronounced in many different ways. I hear "/θəru/", I hear "/θru/", so many different ways.
我听过这个词的很多种发音。我听过有/θəru/，还有/θru/，各种版本。
Now, what we need to do? If you, you should know how to pronounce the th sound if you've been watching my videos.
那么，我们该怎么发音呢？如果你看过我的视频，你应该知道 th 如何发音。
I've done a video about this also. Tongue goes between the teeth, okay? /θ/.
我做过一个关于这个音的视频。舌头放在牙齿之间，/θ/。
And what we need to do is we don't want a gap; we don't want a "th", "rou"; we need it to go straight from /θ/ into a /r/ into an /uː/, /θruː/. So, let your tongue kind of curl like that between the teeth and let the tongue curl back, "through", "through", and the mouth gets round, "through".
发音中间不要有间隔，不要发成“th”，“rou”，我们要直接从/θ/到/r/再到/uː/，/θruː/。让你的舌头在牙齿之间稍稍卷起来，让舌头向后卷，through，through，嘴巴张成圆形，“through”。
And we don't want "thro" and we don't want "tho-rough", "tho-rough", we want "through", okay, relax. It's a big thing about pronunciation.
不要读成“thro”，不要读成“tho-rough”，“tho-rough”，而是“thorough”，放松。发音很重要。
So, for example: We've been through thick and thin. We've been through thick and thin.
例句：我们历尽了千辛万苦。我们历尽了千辛万苦。
It's a good little tongue twister to practice the th sound. If you've been "through thick and thin" with someone, that means that you've had, you know, you've got a really good relationship with someone.
这是练习 th 音的一个很好的小绕口令。如果你和某个人“经历了千辛万苦”，那就意味着你曾经和某人的关系非常好。
You've been through difficult times; you've been through good times, and you've still stayed together okay. We've been through thick and thin.
你们经历过困难时期；你们经历过美好的时光，你们仍然在一起。我们经历了千辛万苦。
Number 5, thoroughly, tho-rough-ly. So, we need to understand the difference between /ʌ/ and /ə/.
第五，thoroughly, tho-rough-ly。我们需要知道/ʌ/和/ə/的区别。
Schwa is the second one. The first one is the /ʌ/ sound, the tongue is a little bit lower in the middle of the mouth, /θʌ/.
第二个是弱央元音。第一个是/ʌ/音，舌头在嘴巴中间低一点，/θʌ/。
Then we need to do a /r/ and then we go into a schwa sound which the tongue raises a little bit higher. Compare these two: /ʌ/, /ə/; /ʌ/, /ə/.
然后我们要发一个/r/音，然后是一个弱央元音，舌头稍微往上抬一点。对比这两个：/ʌ/，/ə/；/ʌ/，/ə/。
Tho-rough-ly, thoroughly, thoroughly. Please check my homework thoroughly.
Tho-rough-ly，thoroughly，thoroughly。请仔细检查我的作业。
Please check my homework thoroughly. The next is a common one that I get asked about many many times and it's "sixth".
请仔细检查我的作业。下一个是我经常被问到的，那就是“sixth”。
So, I just want you to imagine how do you say "fourth", how do you say "fifth". I want you to just do the same.
我想让你们想象一下，“fourth”怎么说，“fifth”怎么说。我想让你们用同样的方式发这个音。
So, I want you to go /sɪk-θ/, /sɪk-θ/. So, you have to go from the /k/ to then pushing your tongue between your teeth and releasing the th sound, "sixth", "sixth".
我想让你们这样发音：/sɪk-θ/，/sɪk-θ/。你得从/k/音这里把你的舌头推向牙齿之间，然后发出 th 音，“sixth”，“sixth”。
Now, don't worry about doing it the old-fashioned way. Nobody really does it.
不用担心传统的发音方式。没有人那样发音。
If I'm talking fast, I'm not going to say /sɪksθ/ because that's just too much happening with my mouth. Much easier for me to say, for example: This is my sixth/sɪkθ/ time in England.
如果我讲话很快，我不会说/sɪksθ/，因为这样我的嘴巴要发太多音了。如果我这样发音的话会更容易：This is my sixth/sɪkθ/ time in England.
This is my sixth time in England. Okay? That's how most people will pronounce it in southern England.
明白吗？英国南部的多数人会这样发音。下一个词。我们读 schedule/ˈʃedjuːl/还是schedule/ˈskedʒuːl/？
Next word. Do we say schedule/??edju?l/ or do we say schedule/?sked?u?l/??Now, the old-fashioned RP English way of pronouncing it would definitely be /??edju?l/.
以前的 RP 口音的发音绝对是schedule/ˈʃedjuːl/。你从 BBC 新闻就会听到。
This is how you'll hear on the BBC News. Let's just practice that, /ˈʃ-e-djuːl/, /ˈʃe-djuːl/, /ˈʃedjuːl/.
我们来练一下，/ˈʃ-e-djuːl/，/ˈʃe-djuːl/，/ˈʃedjuːl/ 。如今，在英国，我们正在经历英语的美式化。
Now in England, we have this thing that's happening called the Americanization of English. Well, that's what people are calling it.
人们是这么称呼的。这是因为，我们很多人看《与卡戴珊姐妹同行》之类的美国电视剧。
And it's because, you know, we have so many people watching things like the Kardashians and all this you know American TV. And what we're doing is we're picking up American sounds in our speech.
我们正在把某些美式发音融入我们自己的口音。并非说我们会开始用美式发音，但我们正在把个别的单词发音融入我们自己的口音。
Now, we're not going, we're never going to start sounding like Americans, but we are picking up the pronunciation of particular words. And this is one of those words where in southern England now, a lot of people are just saying /ˈskedʒuːl/, /ˈskedʒuːl/, /ˈske/, /ˈskedʒuːl/.
而这是其中一个单词，现在在英国南部，很多人说/ˈskedʒuːl/，/ˈskedʒuːl/，/ˈske/，/ˈskedʒuːl/。在我看来，这完全取决于你。
And in my opinion, it's entirely up to you. If the rest of your sounds are British, then it doesn't matter if you say it like this, okay?
如果你的其他发音都是英式的，那么你这样发音也没关系。/ˈskedʒuːl/或/ˈʃedjuːl/，由你决定。
/ˈskedʒuːl/ or /ˈʃedjuːl/, up to you. So, this sentence I'm gonna say twice, once with /ˈske-/ and once with /ˈʃe-/.
这个句子我会读两次，一次读/ˈske-/，一次读/ˈʃe-/。我的日程很紧。
I have a very tight schedule. Or: I have a very tight schedule.
我的日程很紧。嗯，这取决于你。
Okay. So, it's up to you. Next, very popular one in the comments on my Instagram: entrepreneur.
下一个是在我的 Instagram 上评论非常多的一个：entrepreneur。这个词有点难搞。
So, there's a few difficult things happening here. We've got this /ɒ/ sound at the beginning.
它的开头是/ɒ/音。/ɒn/，/ˌɒntrə/，/trə/，/trə/，你的舌头要移动，这里有两个弱央元音，/trə/，/prə/，/ˈnɜː/。
/ɒn/, /ˌɒntrə/, /trə/, /trə/, so you need to get that tongue moving, so we've got two schwa sounds /trə/, /prə/, /ˈnɜː/. I'm an entrepreneur.
我是一名企业家。我是一名企业家。
I'm an entrepreneur. Okay. That's kind of a difficult one.
这个词有点难。最后一个，我相信我的很多学生都被它难倒了。
Now, the last one, I think is a lot of my students have struggled with this one. We're going back to that /ɜː/ sound.
我们回到/ɜː/音。记住，你的朋友放屁了。很臭，/ɜː/。
So remember, your friend farted. It stinks, /ɜː/ okay? Tongue in the middle of the mouth, relaxed mouth, /ɜː/
舌头放在嘴巴中间，嘴巴放松。开头是/gɜː/，/gɜː/，/gɜː/。
/gɜː/ at the beginning, /gɜː/, /gɜː/. We need to finish with something called a dark /l/.
词尾有个称作浊音/l/的音。我现在不会解释那是什么，但这个 L 和“yellow”里面的 L 的发音是不同的。
I'm not gonna explain what that is now, but it's not the L that you'd hear in a word like "yellow". We don't move the tongue like that, /l/.
我们不会像那样移动舌头，/l/。而是嘴巴张成圆形，就像/w/音，舌头向上抬同时稍微向后卷：girl，girl。
This time, we're creating a round shape almost like a /w/ sound and the tongue is going up and curling back a little bit: girl, girl. For example: my girlfriend, my girlfriend.
例如：my girlfriend，my girlfriend。我每周四拍一段视频，下周我想再拍一段关于英国英语常用表达方式的视频。
So, I make videos every Thursday and next week I want to do a video again about some common British English expressions. Now, I'm a pronunciation teacher, so I want to focus on how we pronounce them in everyday phrases.
我是一名发音老师，所以我想关注我们在日常用语中如何发音。这也是你们来学习的原因。
This is where you come in. I want you to tell me what topic do you want me to make a video about.
我想让你告诉我你希望我拍一个关于什么主题的视频。你想学习用于什么场合的表达用语？
So what expressions, what situations do you want expressions for? Do you want expressions for saying goodbye to people? Do you want expressions for work?
你想学习关于告别的表达用语吗？你想学习关于工作的表达用语吗？你想学习哪方面的表达用语？
What do you want expressions for? So, if you can write in the comments below, that would be fantastic and I'll start planning that video very soon.
如果你能在下面写下评论，那就太棒了，我很快就会开始计划这段视频。别忘了订阅，点击通知铃声按钮，以便在我发布新视频的时候收到通知。
Don't forget to subscribe, hit the notification bell button to get notifications when I release my videos. Instagram, I post videos daily, so please check that out Facebook, Twitter, all of that lovely stuff.
我每天都在 Instagram 上发布视频，请去查看我的 Facebook, Twitter，所有那些账号吧。我们下周四在我的发音课上再见。
And I will see you next Thursday in my next pronunciation lesson. Cheers, guys, have a wonderful week! Bye!
再见，伙计们，一周愉快！拜！
