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畅享聊：计算机，你了解多少？
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Dear you, this is LearningYard Academy. Today, the editor brings you
What do you know about computers？
welcome your visit!
PC即个人计算机，毫不夸张地说，其是当今世界最重要的工具之一！它渗透于人类社会的方方面面。 时代在发展，社会在进步。我们都知道，自1946年世界上的第一台电子数字计算机在美国诞生以来，各种计算机都已经发生了翻天覆地的变化。相信大家对计算机并不陌生，今天就让小编要带着大家更加全面地了解一下计算机。
The PC, the personal computer, is literally one of the most important tools in the world today! It permeates every aspect of human society. The Times are developing and society is making progress. As we all know, since 1946, when the world's first electronic digital computer was created in the United States, all kinds of computers have undergone tremendous changes. I believe you are not strange to the computer, today let Xiaobian to take you to a more comprehensive understanding of the computer.
算机的分类
Classification of computers
计算机并不仅仅是个人计算机。根据1989年IEEE（电气电子工程师协会)科学巨型机委员会提出的运算速度分类法，我们将计算机分为巨型计算机（超级计算机），大型计算机，小型计算机和微型计算机四种。其实我们所熟悉的计算机包括台式电脑和笔记本电脑都是微型计算机，除此之外微型机还包括单片机、单板机、服务器。值得一提的是目前我国自主研发的超级计算机“神威·太湖之光”在全球超级计算机排行榜中位列前十。巨型，大型计算机凭借着极强的计算速度，和I/O体系结构在PC横行霸道的世界仍能占据重要的地位。近年来也出现了一些新型计算机如生物计算机，量子计算机，光子计算机等。
A computer is not just a personal computer. According to the computing speed classification proposed by the IEEE Scientific Mainframe Committee in 1989, computers are classified into supercomputers (supercomputers), mainframes, minicomputers and microcomputers. In fact, the computers we are familiar with, including desktop computers and laptops, are micro computers, in addition to the microcomputer also includes single-chip microcomputer, single-board computer, server. It is worth mentioning that China's self-developed supercomputer "Sunway Taihulight" ranks among the top ten supercomputers in the world. Giant computers, with their extreme computing speed and I/O architecture, still play an important role in a world dominated by PCS. In recent years, there are also some new computers such as biological computer, quantum computer, photon computer and so on.
计算机的软件
Computer software
计算机的组成大致为软件系统和硬件系统。软件系统是为运行、管理、维护计算机而编制的各种程序、数据和文档的总称。而硬件系统主要是指构成计算机的物理设备。软件分为三大类，系统软件、支撑软件和应用软件。常见的系统软件有Windows、Unix、Linux等；常见的支撑软件有Web Sphere、Studio.NET等；而应用软件是我们直接接触最多的，像QQ、微信、抖音、MS office、酷狗音乐等都属于应用软件。
The composition of the computer is roughly software system and hardware system. Software system is a general term for all kinds of programs, data and documents prepared for running, managing and maintaining computers. The hardware system mainly refers to the physical equipment that constitutes the computer. Software is divided into three categories, system software, support software and application software. Common system software includes Windows, Unix, Linux, etc. Common supporting software include Web Sphere, Studio.NET, etc. And application software is what we have the most direct contact with, such as QQ, wechat, Douyin, MS office, Kugou music, etc., all belong to application software.
计算机的硬件
Hardware of a computer
计算机的硬件系统主要由运算器、控制器、存储器、输入设备和输出设备五部分组成。而我们常说的CPU也就是中央处理单元主要就由运算器和控制器组成。我们在选购电脑时推销员所说的i5，i7，R5，R7就是CPU。我在选购电脑时也是首先看CPU与GPU（图形处理器，显卡的“”心脏“”），它们的水平也是极大地影响着电脑的售价。
The hardware system of the computer is mainly composed of five parts: the computer, the controller, the memory, the input device and the output device. And what we often call the CPU, the central processing unit, is mainly composed of the computer and the controller. When we are shopping for a computer, the salesman refers to the i5, i7, R5, R7 as the CPU. When I buy a computer, the first thing I look for is the CPU and GPU (graphics processor, the "heart" of the graphics card). Their level also greatly affects the price of the computer.
计算机的应用与前景
The application and prospect of computer
计算机的应用领域是非常广泛的。近几年大火的物联网、大数据、云计算、人工智能、区块链等技术也是以计算机作为基础的。计算机不仅在计算机通信领域，在智能制造，医疗卫生，证券金融，服务贸易等领域也有不可估量的发展空间，这里就不细说了。由此可见，计算机在人类发展中起着越来越重要的作用，前景无限。
The application field of computer is very wide. The Internet of Things, big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, blockchain and other popular technologies in recent years are also based on computers. Computer not only in the field of computer communication, in intelligent manufacturing, medical and health, securities and finance, trade in services and other fields also have inestimable space for development, here will not go into detail. It can be seen that the computer is playing an increasingly important role in the development of human beings, and the prospect is infinite.
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参考来源：计算机科学概论（第三版）聂永萍 向碧群 百度 知乎
翻译：Google翻译
图片来源：网络
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