1.subject [ˈsʌbdʒɪkt] n. 主语
①英语解释(牛津)：a noun, noun phrase or pronoun representing the person or thing that performs the action of the verb, about which sth is stated or, in a passive sentence, that is affected by the action of the verb
②特点：主语通常位于句首，是动作的发起者，作为句子的主体，是句子要表达的人或事物或事件。
③Tom(主语) often goes swimming on Sunday.
2. predicate [ˈpredɪkeɪt] n. 谓语
①英语解释(牛津)：a part of a sentence containing a verb that makes a statement about the subject of the verb
②特点：谓语主要对主语加以陈述，表示主语的动作或状态。常见分类有简单谓语和复合谓语；根据具体用法还可以细分为实义动词、助动词、情态动词、连系动词。
③Tom took care of (简单谓语) his brother and he couldn't go(复合谓语) swimming with his brother.
3.object [ˈɒbdʒɪkt] n. 宾语
①英语解释(牛津)：a noun, noun phrase or pronoun that refers to a person or thing that is affected by the action of the verb(called the direct object), or that the action is done to or for(called the indirect object)
②特点：宾语分为直接宾语(常见)、间接宾语(常见)、同源宾语、介词宾语。宾语可以是动作的承受者，位于谓语动词之后，形成动宾结构(常考)；也可以位于介词之后，形成介宾结构(常考)。
③Tom gave me(间接宾语) a book(直接宾语).
4.predicative [prɪˈdɪkətɪv] n.表语
①英语解释(柯林斯)：relating to or occurring within the predicate of a sentence
②特点：表语通常位于连系动词之后，用于说明主语的特征、性质、状态、身份等。注意：连系动词 表语=复合谓语。
③Tom looks handsome(表语).
5.attributive [əˈtrɪbjətɪv] n. 定语
①英语解释(牛津)：a quality or feature of sb/sth
②特点：定语主要用于修饰或限定名词或代词。
③Tom is a handsome(定语) boy.
6.adverbial [ædˈvɜːbiəl] n. 状语
①英语解释(柯林斯)：relating to adverbs or like an adverb
②特点：副词主要用于修饰实义动词、形容词、副词、整个句子，可表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、条件、程度、伴随、比较、让步等。
③Tom had supper at 20:15 last night(状语).
7.object complement [ˈɒbdʒɪkt ˈkɒmplɪment] 宾语补足语
①英语解释(Grammar Monster)：a noun, a pronoun, or an adjective that follows a direct object to rename it or state what it has become
②特点：宾语补足语主要用于补充说明宾语，在句子结构上与宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
③Tom found the book boring(宾语补足语).
8.appositive [ə'pɒzɪtɪv] n. 同位语
①英语解释(柯林斯)：an appositive word or phrase
②特点：同位语主要是对句子中某一成分作进一步的解释说明，与该成分在语法上处于同等地位，句子位置位于该成分之后。
③We two(同位语) are good friends.
9.independent element [ˌɪndɪˈpendənt ˈelɪmənt] 独立成分
①英语解释(有道翻译)：a sentence component that has no grammatical relation with the whole sentence
②特点：独立成分主要是指与全句没有语法关系的句子成分，常见的有感叹词、称呼语、插入语、答语。
③To tell you the truth(独立成分), Tom is a good boy.
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